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Builders License > Masonry > Flashcards

Masonry Flashcards

1
Q

Mortar Ingredients

A
  1. Portland cement
  2. Hydrated lime
  3. Sand
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2
Q

Type of wall for strength

A

Serpentine

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3
Q

Pilaster:

A

Thickened section of masonry wall to support beam to lend strength

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4
Q

Ladder Type and Truss type for masonry reinforcement:

A

Straight and Zig Zag

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5
Q

Weathered Joint:

A

Mortar is slanted and comes out towards the bottom

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6
Q

Types of prepackaged mortar

Type M:

A

a. Has high compression strength, very good for below grade use, foundations, sewers, retention walls. Maintains strength in severe frost, wind, and soil pressure.

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7
Q

Types of prepackaged mortar

Type N:

A

a. Has medium compression strength for general use above grade, exterior masonry, walls and chimneys

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8
Q

Types of prepackaged mortar

Type S:

A

a. Has medium to high strength capability recommended where bond and lateral strength are important, such as when flexural bending/moving is required or where mortar is the only
bonding agent.

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9
Q

Types of prepackaged mortar

Type O and K:

A

a. Mainly low strength for interior use.

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10
Q

What do air entraning admixtures do?

A

Air entraining admixtures allow the mortar to be high resistant to freeze/thaw cycles.

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11
Q

What do Accelerators do?

A

Accelerators help dissipate the moisture which in turn reduces freezing.

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12
Q

What does Calcium chloride (liquid form) do?

A

Calcium chloride prevents the mortar mix from freezing.

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13
Q

Who has set standards for admixtures?

A

ASTM

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14
Q

Adding sand to mortar does what?

A

Increases compression strength

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15
Q

Adding lime to mortar does what?

A

reduces strength but increases flexibility

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16
Q

Plastic mortar properties must be…

A

wrokable, soft and adhere to masonry units.

Must have good water retention

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17
Q

Mortar should be placed in what temp?

A

70 - 100 degrees F

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18
Q

Why shouldn’t Retempering (adding water) be done?

A

Affects water to cement ratio

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19
Q

Plastic mortar should be used within X of being mixed.

A

2 1/2 hours

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20
Q

Masonry shall be protected from freezing for at least X hours

A

48 hours

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21
Q

When temperatures exceed X degrees Fahrenheit with winds Y mph or greater, mortar beds shall not exceed Z feet ahead of masonry units.

A

90 degrees Fahrenheit
8mph or greater
4 feet

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22
Q

Grout is similar to mortar but

A

has a greater degree of slump

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23
Q

What may grout contain

A

It may contain pea stone, sand or other approved materials based upon the ASTM standard for a particular use

24
Q

Where is grout used and why

A

Grout is used in the cavities of assembled masonry units and cavity walls to add strength.

25
Q

Desired slump of grout

A
  1. Desired slump of grout is between 8” to 10”.
26
Q

Desired PSI of grout

A
  1. PSI should not be less than 2000 PSI.
27
Q

Plastic grout should be used with X hours of mixing

A
  1. Plastic grout should be used within 1 1/2 hours of mixing.
28
Q

When pouring grout, lifts should not exceed

A

Lifts (height of fill) should not exceed five (5) feet and shall be vibrated to eliminate voids

29
Q

Concrete block comes in various sizes and shapes but the most common is

A

8”, 10”, and 12”.

30
Q

All are nominal sizes allowing for a X head and bed joint

A

3/8”

31
Q
  1. X 8” x 8” x 16” blocks = Y square feet of wall area.
A

9

8 square feet

32
Q

Shapes of CMU’s

Stretchers:

A

Most common and used for the main wall area

33
Q

Shapes of CMU’s

Corners:

A

Have one flush end used at the end of a course

34
Q

Shapes of CMU’s

Solid top:

A

Has a solid top for use as a bearing surface

35
Q

Air space of less than 2” between it is a

A

Veneer

36
Q

Air space of greater than 2” between it is a

A

Cavity

37
Q

The first course of CMU’s are laid in

A

the full mortar bed.

38
Q

Corners (also known as leads) are

A

laid first, then the area between is filled in.

39
Q

The use of story pole or course pole is used to

A

gauge the top of each course.

40
Q

Use of wire reinforcement, ladder or truss type, can be used in

A

every other course.

41
Q

Caution is required when cutting CMU’s due to the

A

harmful effects of silica dust. Personal protective equipment is required.

42
Q

When is Face brick (clay masonry units) used?

A

exposed exterior surfaces where appearance is important.

43
Q

Generally the face brick is self-supported with

A

the additional use of brick ties.

44
Q

Standard face brick measures

A
  1. Standard is 3 1/4” x 2 1/4” x 8”.
45
Q

Face brick must be

A

approved for the yearly weather conditions

they will encounter. In Michigan the brick needs to be rated for “severe” conditions.

46
Q

How are Face bricks installed

A

similar to CMU’s. Corners (leads) are built first and then the area between corners is filled in.

47
Q

What is required for Face brick installation?

A

story poles or course poles

48
Q

What reinforcements are used in installing Face Brick

A

Brick ties or other reinforcements

49
Q

Caution in cutting brick is required due to the harmful effects of

A

Silica Dust

50
Q

With Face Bricks, X standard brick are required to cover Y square foot of wall area

A

7 standard brick are required to cover 1 square foot of wall area

51
Q

Face Brick 6. Mortar joints are X to Y wide

A

3/8” to 1/2” wide.

52
Q

What is Efflorescence

A

Efflorescence is a white powder like substance on completed masonry walls which is caused by water soluble salts within brick and/or mortar coming into contact with moisture (rain, humidity).

53
Q

How do you get rid of Efflorescence

A

Eliminate the passage of moisture

54
Q

Restricted zone size for walls greater than X feet

A

8 feet

height of wall + 4 feet

55
Q 
MIOSHA Part 2 deals with the rules related to masonry walls
exposed to winds.
2. The following are required:
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
f. 
g.
A

a. Training
b. Wall bracing
c. Restricted zones for walls greater than 8 feet
(height of wall + 4 feet)
d. Warning signage
e. Monitoring wind speeds
f. Emergency egress
g. Written certification of employee training

56
Q

How do you determine bearing wall strip footing dimensions?

A

The known bearing capacity of the soil determines footing size

57
Q

How do you determine mat, raft, foundation footing size?

A

mat, raft, foundation footing covers the entire footprint of structure.

Builders License (93 decks)

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