Glencoe: Section 66 pt. 2

Question 1

The first step in wall framing is to lay out the location of

Answer 1

two intersecting exterior walls. Carpenters usually start with two long walls that meet at a corner.

Question 2

After the carpenter locates two long walls that meet at a corner, the measurements taken from these two walls can then be used to

Answer 2

located other walls

Question 3

Once the exterior walls have been located, the layout proceeds to

Answer 3

the interior walls

Question 4

Laying out wall locations:
Exterior Walls
———————————–
The outside edge of an exterior walls bottom plate should be flush with the outside edge of the

Answer 4

subfloor

Question 5

Laying out wall locations:
Exterior Walls
———————————–
To begin layout, measure X” in from the edge of the sheathing (or Y” for a 2x6 wall) and snap a chalk line parallel to the edge. Repeat the process for the intersecting walls.

Answer 5

3 1/2”

5 1/2”

Question 6

Laying out wall locations:
Exterior Walls
———————————–
After you’ve drawn the two chalk lines from the beginning exterior walls. Check to make sure that they form a 90deg angel. Good carpenters never assume

Answer 6

floor framing is perfectly square.

Question 7

Laying out wall locations:
Exterior Walls
———————————–
To check for squareness use the 3-4-5 rule. How does this work in wall framing?

Answer 7

measure from chalk line intersection exactly 3’ along one line and 4’ along the other. The diagonal should be 5’. Any multiples of these numbers will work

Question 8

Using a construction calculator.
You can use a construction calculator to determine whether intersecting lines are square. Using the calculators roof framing setting, enter one line length as the X. Enter the other line length as the X. The answer will be the length of the diagonal line connecting the two end points.

Answer 8

rise

run

Question 9

Laying out wall locations:
Exterior Walls
———————————–
After the two first layout lines are square,

Answer 9

mark the position of the remaining exterior walls.

Question 10

Laying out wall locations:
Interior Walls
———————————–
After the exterior walls have been marked.

Consulting the plans, locate the position of interior walls by measuring from the chalk lines that indicate X.
Pull a chalk line taut and snap it to indicate the exact location of one edge of each partition’s X.

Answer 10

exterior walls

bottom plate

Question 11

Laying out wall locations:
Interior Walls
———————————–
To prevent confusion, mark an “X” on the subfloor to show the side of the line on which the plate will be located. If the “X” is on the wrong side of the layout line, the wall will be built X” from its correct position.

Answer 11

3 1/2”

Question 12

Laying out wall locations:
Interior Walls
———————————–
If a partition is special, in that it has plumbing drains or other features, be sure to

Answer 12

note this on the subfloor

Question 13

After the layout for the exterior and interior walls have been snapped out on the subfloor or the slab, X

Answer 13

cut the top and bottom plates to fit the layout.

Some carpenters use a tape measure to measure the length of the plates. Others mark the plates using the subfloor layout marks as guides.

Question 14

Plates for X walls are cut first

Answer 14

exterior

Question 15

Before cutting plates for walls, you must first decide which walls are X and which are Y

Answer 15

by-wall

butt-wall

Question 16

by-wall

Answer 16

a by-wall runs from the outside edge of the subfloor at one end of the building to the outside edge of the subfloor at the opposite end.

Question 17

butt-wall

Answer 17

butt-wall fits between the by-walls.

Question 18

Is a by-wall or a butt-wall framed first and erected into positon?

Answer 18

by-wall

Question 19

Which plate ties the by-wall and butt-wall together

Answer 19

double plate (rafter plate)

Question 20

Why are layouts difficult on houses built on concrete slabs?

Answer 20

Because of the rough plumbing drains and electrical conduits that protrude through the slab.

Question 21

Wall Identification:
To begin layout of the plates, decide which walls will be by-walls and which will be butt-walls. Usually the longest walls will be X then the shorter walls are X. Sometimes the butt-walls have butt-walls attached to them.

Answer 21

by-walls

butt-walls

Question 22

Hall walls would normally be X with the bedroom walls being Y. The closet would be Z

Answer 22

By-walls

Butt-walls

Butt-walls

Question 23

After locating which walls are by-walls and which are butt-walls
Cut the exterior plates to length, making sure that the ends of the plates for the long walls break on X” OC marks.

Answer 23

16”

Question 24

After you have cut the exterior plates to length making sure they break on 16” OC, then stack the plates of the subfloor and align them to the

Answer 24

chalk lines

Question 25

After you have cut the exterior wall plates, cut the interior wall plates. Place these plates on the X side of the chalk lines

Answer 25

“X” side.

The side marked with an X

Question 26

Plate layout identifies the location of each X in a wall.

Answer 26

stud in a wall, as well as the location of doors and windows.

Question 27

After the location of each stud in the wall, as well as location of doors and windows has been found, mark these locations on the X or Y of the plates using Z

Answer 27

edges or sides of plates using Carpenters pencil.

Question 28

After you have marked the location of studs windows and doors on plates, Start by tacking the top and bottom plates together with two or three 8d nails because

Answer 28

this prevents them from shifting during layout.

Question 29

If the plates are marked, that side should face

Answer 29

up

Question 30

The procedure for layout out the plates depends partly on how walls, windows, and doors are X on the plans.

Answer 30

dimensioned. For example using centerlines

Question 31

Refer to the building plans to find the distance from X. Measure this distance and square a line across both plates at this point. Mark the line with a centerline symbol an identification letter or number. This can be used for reference when cutting X.,

Answer 31

one corner of the building to the center of the first opening

other parts for this opening

Question 32

After you have found the distance from one corner of the building to the center of the first opening

Continue to lay out and mark openings on the remaining exterior wall plates. Use a letter or symbol to distinguish between X or Y centerlines.

When laying out plates on a slab foundation, pay attention to the location of foundation anchor bolts during the layout process. There should be an anchor bolt within X” of the end of each section of plate.

Answer 32

door and window

12”

Question 33

As they mark centerlines, many carpenters “detail” the openings. This means:

Answer 33

to mark the rough opening as well as the location of trimmer studs and king studs.

Question 34

Rough Opening:

It allows:

It also provides space for:

Answer 34

is the space into which a door or window will fit.

It allows room for the door or window and its frame.

It also provides space for leveling and plumbing the frame.

Question 35

When marking a rough opening. The carpenter marks the centerline and marks X the rough opening to the right and X the rough opening distance to the left. Out side of this he marks the X on top of which the X will rest. The X studs are on the outside besides that.

Answer 35

half
half

thickness of the trimmer studs

Header

King studs

Question 36

window and door schedules:

Answer 36

Charts that provide rough opening sizes

Question 37

When the rough opening size for a window is not provided, it can be obtained from the X.

Answer 37

window manufactures catalog

Question 38

Each window manufactures catalog will contain four width and height measurements for each window:

Answer 38

masonry openings,
rough openings,
frame size and glass size.
Some may also include sash size.

Question 39

Window and door rough openings will usually allow for X” at the top of unit to allow for adjustment for plumb and level installation.

Answer 39

1/2”

Question 40

After you mark a window or door centerline on the plates, measure from each side of the centerline a distance of X

What does this represent:

Answer 40

one half the rough opening. Square a line at this point.

the inside face of the trimmer stud.

Question 41

After the rough opening centerline has been marked and the location of the inner face of the trimmer studs have been marked:

Answer 41

measure 1 1/2” inch away from the face of the trimmer stud and mark the location of the king stud.

Question 42

Openings
Wall intersections:
———————————–
Mark the exterior plates to indicate the centerlines of all intersecting walls. Again, start from one corner of the building. Mark the place where the interior wall would intersect with a X

Answer 42

“P”

Question 43

Openings
Exterior Corner posts:
———————————–
A corner post is:

Answer 43

an assembly of full-length studs at the corner of a building.

Question 44

Openings
Exterior Corner posts:
———————————–
An exterior corner post is one that

Answer 44

forms an inside corner and an outside corner.

Question 45

Openings
Exterior Corner posts:
———————————–
The inside corner of an exterior corner post provides

The outside corner of an exterior corner post provides

Answer 45

nailing surfaces for interior wall coverings

nailing surfaces for sheathing

Question 46

Openings
Exterior Corner posts:
———————————–
Corner posts are usually built from X studs to provide greater strength.

Answer 46

three or more

Question 47

Openings
Partition Corner posts:
———————————–
A partition corner post it:

Answer 47

a particular type of post required where a partition meets another wall. A partition corner post is sometimes called a channel, a partion-T, or T-post.

Question 48

Openings
Partition Corner posts:
———————————–
Partition Corner #1

Answer 48

regular spacing of the outside wall stud is interrupted by a double stud where the partition ties in. The double studs are set apart 3” to allow the partitions end stud to lap the others just enough to permit nailing. It leaves most of the inner edges of the other studs clear to serve as nailing bases for inside wall coverings.

Question 49

Openings
Partition Corner posts:
———————————–
Partition Corner #2

Answer 49

Similar to partition corner #1 but has a 3 spacer stud blocks instead of 3” of separtion between the exterior walls studs.

Question 50

Openings
Partition Corner posts:
———————————–
Partition Corner #2

Answer 50

Similar to partition corner #1 but has a 3 spacer stud blocks instead of 3” of separtion between the exterior walls studs.

Question 51

Openings
Partition Corner posts:
———————————–
Many carpenters detail the arrangement of partition corner posts as they locate partition centerlines. This is sometimes done with the aid of a

Answer 51

site-built jig made of two blocks of framing lumber nailed together.

Question 52

Openings
Stud Locations:
-----------------------------------
Mark all the exterior plates and all the partition plates for the location of wall studs and cripple studs. There are various ways to do this. You can use X
or
You can use a Y

Answer 52

a tape measure marked with special symbols at intervals of 16” and 24”

Layout template

Question 53

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
Layout template:

The template is X’ long, the standard width of wall sheathing and it has four fingers 1 1/2” wide and space 16OC” representing four X.

Answer 53

or layout stick, is an aluminum bar with 1 1/2” wide “fingers” that correspond to the particular stud spacing that is being used.

4’

stud markings

Question 54

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
When laying out stud locations, you should be thinking ahead. Remember that sheathing and wallboard come in standard X’ widths. There must always be a X where two panels will meet in a vertical joint. The panels are X to these joints.

Answer 54

4’

stud

fastened

Question 55

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
Begin the layout on the plates by measuring from the corner of a X.
Make a mark X” from the end of the plate. This will be the location to the edge of the first stud.
Mark an “X” on the side of the line where the stud will be. This will ensure the stud will not be placed on the wrong side of the stud layout line. From that point on mark every X” to indicate the edge of each stud on that wall.

Double check the layout by measuring along the plate to see that a stud will always be located where there will be a vertical joint between X’ wide sheathing panels.

Answer 55

by-wall.
15 1/4”

16”

4’

Question 56

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
Before laying out the studs on a butt-wall, check the plans to determine the thickness of the

Answer 56

wall sheathing

Question 57

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
The spacing of the butt wall studs must account for the thickness of the X

Answer 57

intersecting by-wall and its sheathing

Question 58

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
Before laying out the studs on a butt-wall, measure X” in from the outside edge of the sheathing as shown in Layout of a butt-wall pg. 444

Why do this?

Answer 58

15 1/4”

To ensure that the butt wall will be properly supported at 4’ intervals

Question 59

Openings
Stud Locations:
———————————–
Where the stud layout is interrupted by a window or door opening, lay out X above and below the opening.

Mark the location of X with a Y

Answer 59

cripple studs

cripple studs

C

Question 60

Knowing Procedures
When would you prefer to erect a wall before you sheathed it?
————————————
When plate layout is complete, the various parts of the wall framing can be

Answer 60

cut to length, assembled on the sub floor, nailed together, and lifted into place.

Question 61

Knowing Procedures
When would you prefer to erect a wall before you sheathed it?
————————————
Several procedures can be used to assemble walls.

Some carpenters prefer to X

Other carpenters Y

Answer 61

tip framed walls into place and sheathe them later.

install sheathing, windows, and sometimes siding on exterior walls before lifting them into place.

Question 62

Knowing Procedures
When would you prefer to erect a wall before you sheathed it?
————————————
A common technique in assembling a wall is to

Answer 62

sheathe the walls on the floor deck but install windows and siding after the walls have been erected.

Question 63

Knowing Procedures
When would you prefer to erect a wall before you sheathed it?
————————————
The method of assembling a wall depends in part on

Answer 63

the length and weight of the walls.

Question 64

Knowing Procedures
When would you prefer to erect a wall before you sheathed it?
————————————
The order in which exterior walls are to be assembled and erected must first be determined.

The by-walls are erected X,
the butt-walls are erected X.

Answer 64

first

next

Question 65

Knowing Procedures
When would you prefer to erect a wall before you sheathed it?
————————————
In areas of the country where severe weather or earthquakes are a risk, buildings require the use of X and Y to strengthen the connections between framing members.
In some cases, steel straps must be used to tie X to the Y.

Answer 65

metal straps
anchors

wall framing
roof framing

Question 66

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
————————————
In the most common method of assembling walls, the cripple studs, trimmer studs, and headers are

Answer 66

precut to length on the job site.

Question 67

Knowing Procedures
Preparing components
————————————
Cut list:

Answer 67

This is a written list showing the length and dimensions of all components in a wall.

Question 68

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
————————————
After the components have been precut

Answer 68

they distributed to the area on the subfloor where they will be assembled.

Question 69

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
————————————
Why are radial-arm saw or power miter saws used to ensure square cuts?

Answer 69

they are easier to use when making repetitive cuts to standard length.

Question 70

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Using a story pole
------------------------------------
The length of each wall component can be determined from the plans. Because the height of wall openings is standardized, carpenters often lay out a X

Answer 70

story pole

Question 71

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Using a story pole
------------------------------------
Story pole:

Answer 71

is a piece of framing lumber that represents the wall from the top of the subfloor to the bottom of the ceiling joist.

Question 72

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Using a story pole
------------------------------------
Story poles contain information about the location and size of the

Answer 72

window headers, sills, and door headers. It also includes heights of various openings above the subfloor

Question 73

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Trimmer studs and cripple studs
------------------------------------
Trimmer studs should be cut to fit snugly under the X so they will support it properly.

Answer 73

header

Question 74

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Trimmer studs and cripple studs
------------------------------------
If the trimmer studs are not cut so that they fit snugly under the header, the header might

Answer 74

settle which causes cracks in the mater or drywall

Question 75

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Trimmer studs and cripple studs
------------------------------------
Trimmer studs, aside from reinforcing the header, also reinforce

Answer 75

door and window openings.

Question 76

Step 1:
Select straight length of framing lumber

Step 2:
Nail a 2x4 block to the bottom of the stud. This block represents the X

Step 3: Examine the plans for X

Step 4:
Transfer these dimensions to the pattern. You can now use the story pole as a reference for cutting cripple studs and trimmer studs.,

Answer 76

bottom plate of wall.

a standard window and door opening dimensions.

Question 77

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Trimmer studs and cripple studs
------------------------------------
Determine the lengths of cripple studs by referring to the X. 

To determine how many are required, count the cripple stud X

Answer 77

story pole

layout marks on the wall plates.

Question 78

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
The depth of a header (lintel) is determined by

Answer 78

the length of the opening it must span.

Question 79

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Make sure the header is enough to bear on

Answer 79

all of the trimmer studs.

Question 80

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Header lengths are obtained by

Answer 80

measuring the top plate between layout marks for the king studs.

Question 81

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Window and door headers are sometime cut from solid pieces of X header or large stock.

Answer 81

4x6

Question 82

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Side by side, two 2x members are only 3" thick. A X thick spacer must be sandwiched between the two pieces to give the header the full X" thickness of the wall.

Answer 82

1/2”

3 1/2”

Question 83

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
The members used to create the header of windows and doors are nailed with X nails staggered on X" centers

Answer 83

16d nails staggered on

16” centers

Question 84

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Various types of headers can be assembled using solid lumber. Many builders today use X as header material. These products are X and save time because they do not need to be assembled.

Answer 84

engineered lumber

generally stronger

Question 85

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
————————————
A header will normally be supported by X, but in some cases headers may be supported by X.
In places with high winds, the latter may be required by code.

Answer 85

trimmer studs

metal framing brackets

Question 86

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Two common types of headers:
A.
B.

Answer 86

A: header made of 2x lumber with 1/2” plywood spacer.

B: Built-up header with space for insulation between the header pieces.

Question 87

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
Rather than cut one header at a time, it is faster to first:

Answer 87

number the openings (such as windows, doors, and fireplaces) for identification. Then make cutting schedules for all headers.

One person cuts while another assembles.

Question 88

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Headers
------------------------------------
How do you nail headers?

Answer 88

place 2 16d nails near each end. Stagger the others 16” apart along length of header.

Question 89

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Assembling corner posts
------------------------------------
Why is cutting not required for corner posts?

Answer 89

Because corner posts are made from precut studs.

Question 90

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Assembling corner posts
------------------------------------
With what nails are corner posts nailed together?

Answer 90

10d and 16d nails.

Question 91

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Assembling corner posts
------------------------------------
The short pieces of 2x4s at the base of corner posts are installed when?

They will provide places for nailing ends of the:

Answer 91

after the walls have been raised.

baseboard

Question 92

Knowing Procedures
Preparing wall components
Assembling corner posts
------------------------------------
Baseboard:

Answer 92

a type of finish trim installed at the base of a wall.

Question 93

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————
Each wall section is assembled on the floor. Begin the assembly by separating the plates that were tacked together for layout.

Lay the top plate on edge on the subfloor about X’ from the bottom plate.

Answer 93

8’

Question 94

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————
What is a common mistake made in assembling and raising the exterior walls.

Answer 94

Flipping the top plate end-for-end as you move it. If the plate is flipped, the layout marks will not match those on the bottom plate. This is a common mistake.

Question 95

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————
After you have laid the top plate on edge about 8’ from the bottom plate on the subfloor,

Answer 95

Lay a full stud at each mark.

Question 96

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————
After you have separated the top and bottom plates and laid a stud at each mark,

Place the

Answer 96

header so that the rough sill, cripples, and trimmers are in position.

Question 97

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————

After the studs, headers, rough sills, cripples, and trimmers are in position.

Place the

Answer 97

preassembled exterior corner and partition corners at the marked locations. You can now nail the components together.

Question 98

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————

Nailing all the components together

Beginning at one end of the top plate, drive two 16d nails through the plate into each X at the correct location.

Secure the bottom plate the same way. Be careful to keep the edges of the framing members flush with one another. Why?

Answer 98

stud

So that sheathing fits correctly.

Question 99

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————

Nailing all the components together

After the studs have been nailed to the top and bottom plates:

Answer 99

If the wall has a door or window, nail all those components into place.

Question 100

Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
————————————
To keep the edges of studs and plates perfectly aligned during nailing, carpenters X

This also keeps the wall from sliding if it is being hand nailed.

This problem is eliminated if it is being nailed with pneumatic nailing.

Answer 100

step on the intersection as they nail through the plate.