Glencoe: Section 66 pt. 3 Flashcards
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Framing a window opening:
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Once all the full length studs are in place, gather the components surrounding the window and openings as shown in window framing brackets on pg. 449
- The cripple studs at A are toenailed with X nails, two on each side
- The full stud is nailed to the header at B with X nails and to the trimmer at C with X
- The full studs are x to the bottom plate or nailed through the bottom plate.
- The lower part of the double sill is nailed with X nails into the ends of the cripples at D
- The upper part of the sill (E) is nailed to the lower with X OC and staggered
- The ends of the sills are nailed through the trimmer studs with X nails at each end (F)
four 8d
four 16d
10d nails 16 OC”
toenailed
two 10d
10d nails 8”
two 16d
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Framing a window opening: ----------------------------------------- Aligning studs: If studs have a bow in them
the bows should all face the same way. If they don’t, it could give the wall a wavy appearance. If the bow is significant, dont use it.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Framing a door opening:
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* The cripple studs (A) are toenailed with X, Y on each side
- The full studs (B) are nailed to the header with X nails on each side and toenailed to the bottom plate with X nails. The full stud (B) could be nailed from the bottom up through the plate, with X nails, if the plate is attached before the wall is erected.
- The trimmer (C) is nailed with X OC.
- X nails are driven into the end of the bottom plate at D
four 8d nails
two
four 16d
two 8d
two 16d
16d nails staggered 16” OC
Two 10d
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
General details:
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Trimmer studs fit under a X. They are nailed to a king stud with X, spaced X” apart and X. Notice that the trimmer stud for a door may extend from the header to the bottom plate.
The portion of the plate within the door opening will be cut out later, after the wall is erected so that finish flooring can be laid. If this portion of the plate is cut out earlier, the wall will be more X
window or door header
16d nails spaced 16” and staggered
difficult to erect.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Split free nailing:
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When securing the studs at the ends of a wall, do what to stop the nail from splitting the plate?
slightly blunt the ends by tapping them with a hammer.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
General details:
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Nail through the king studs and into the header with 16d nails. Once the header is secure, insert the X above it. Nail their tops as if they were studs, but X the bottom ends of each cripple to the header with 8d nails on each side.
cripple studs
Toenail
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
General details:
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When you have fully assembled the wall on the subfloor, X.
To figure out if it is X, do this:
Square it
Do this by running a tapemeasure across diagonally opposite corners, as shown in squaring a wall.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
General details:
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After you have assembled and squared the wall on the subfloor. Some apply sheathing at this point and some do not because its awkward to lift. In order to lift it easier:
Use a prybar to lift the top end of the wall off the deck. Slip a scrap 2x4 block underneath.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Temporary bracing:
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Temporary bracing is bracing that has the following 2 purposes:
- It prevents walls from tipping as they are being erected.
* It holds walls in position after they have been plumbed and straightened.
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Temporary bracing: ----------------------------------------- What may temporary bracing consist of?
Wall braces may also be nailed into
2x4 or 2x6 members nailed to one face of stud and to a 2x4 block nailed to subfloor.
stakes driven into the ground outside the perimeter of foundation.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Temporary bracing:
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Take care not to let the ends of the temporary braces project
above the top plate
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Temporary bracing:
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Why do you not want the ends of the temporary braces to project above the ends of the top plate?
Because the braces could interfere with ceiling and roof framing and would have to be removed. This would disturb the plumbed and straightened walls.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Temporary bracing:
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How do you nail in nails for temporary bracing
not all the way to allow for easy removal
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Temporary bracing: ----------------------------------------- Leave temporary bracing in place until
ceiling and roof framing have been completed, and sheathing has been applied to the outside walls.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Temporary bracing:
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The temporary brace pivots into place as the wall is raised. The block nailed on the subfloor holds it in place. A X keeps the wall from slipping off the subfloor.
safety cleat.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Raising the Wall:
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As the wall is lifted into position, what do you align the bottom plate with?
the chalk lines made earlier
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Raising the Wall: ----------------------------------------- How do you lift the wall into position
What should you have in place when the wall is lifted into position
For added safety what should you install?
This is a job for several carpenters. One at either end of the wall.
Temporary braces
2x4 cleats to outside rim joist to prevent exterior wall from slipping off subfloor
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Plumbing the Wall: ----------------------------------------- The plumb a wall means to
make sure its perpendicular to the subfloor.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Plumbing the Wall:
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What can a carpenter use to plumb a wall?
carpenters level or plumb bob
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Plumbing the Wall: ----------------------------------------- When do you plumb a wall?
After all the framed walls are in position and temporarily braced.
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Using a plumb bob: ----------------------------------------- How do you plumb a corner post.
Attach plumb bob to top of post.
Hang plumb bob down near bottom of post.
Tack one block near top of post and another identical block near bottom post called “gauge blocks”.
If the entire face of the second block makes contact with the line the post is plumb
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Using a carpenters level:
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When using a carpenters level to determine if a wall is plumb, do not
place the level directly against the wall in case the stud is bowed
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Using a carpenters level: ----------------------------------------- To plumb a wall with a carpenters level:
place 8’ level against blocks nailed to top and bottom plates.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Using a carpenters level:
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If an 8’ carpenters level is not available, what do you do?
place the smaller level against 1x4 straightedge which is placed against the two blocks.
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Using a carpenters level: ----------------------------------------- To plumb the outside corners:
check them on two adjacent surfaces, then brace them.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising exterior walls:
Using a carpenters level:
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After you have plumbed and braced all exterior walls:
plumb and brace all the intersecting interior walls.
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Straightening Walls: ----------------------------------------- To straighten walls:
fasten a string line to the outside top of one of the corner posts. stretch line to the outside top of corner post on opposite end of building. Place a 3/4” wood block under each end of line to give clearance. Place additional temporary braces at intervals close enough to hold the wall straight. When the wall is far enough away from the line to permit another 3/4” block to slide between the line and the plate, nail the braces.
Assembling and Raising walls: Assembling and raising exterior walls: Straightening Walls: ----------------------------------------- The straightening procedure is called
“Lining the walls”
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising Interior walls:
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After all the exterior walls are plumbed and braced, and the bottom plates securely nailed,
assemble and erect the interior walls.
Assembling and Raising walls:
Assembling and raising Interior walls:
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Interior walls are easier to assemble than exterior walls because
the usually do not require framing for windows. But they do require framing for doors
A wall that is being raised must be braced quickly to lessen the chance that it will topple. Carpenters often secure the tops of braces to X before erecting the wall. A single nail at this point allows the brace to X as the wall is being raised.
the studs
swing into position
The double plate is nailed to the top plate after
the exterior walls have been erected.
The double plate must use
the same type and quality of material as for the top plate.
Cutting to length is sometimes done when the top and bottom plates are cut. However, it is most often done after the walls are erected because
the double plates are different length than the other two plates.
One of the main purposes of the double plate is to X
Therefore, it laps over the joint formed at the Y
tie the walls together at the top.
corners of intersecting exterior walls.
On a long wall, the joints in the double plate should be at least X’ away from any joint in the top plate.
This is Y’ in the code
4’
2’
Fasten the double plate with X nails spaced X” OC and X.
Nail end laps between adjoining plates with X 16d nails on each lap.
10d nails spaced 16” and staggerd
two
Double plates are joined by a
lap joint
Assembling and Erecting Interior Walls
Step by Step
Refer to page 454.
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Step 1:
Raise, fasten, and temporarily brace the X.
Work should then proceed from the center wall out to the exterior walls, and from one end of the building to the other. Complete operations in one area before moving to the next area.
Step 2:
Note that partition 1, though interrupted by openings, is considered to be X. Erect and plumb partition 2 next. Note that it helps support partition 1 and connects it to the previously plumbed exterior wall. Partition 3 comes next, then 4, 5, and 6 etc.
Step 3:
Continue erecting partitions that are at X to each other, all the way to the back of the building. This sequence is better than erecting two parallel partitions (such as 2 and 4) and then working in a confined area to erect the connecting partition (3).
longest center partition
one piece
right angles
Assembling and Erecting Interior Walls
Step by Step
Refer to page 454.
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Step 1:
Raise, fasten, and temporarily brace the X.
Work should then proceed from the center wall out to the exterior walls, and from one end of the building to the other. Complete operations in one area before moving to the next area.
Step 2:
Note that partition 1, though interrupted by openings, is considered to be X. Erect and plumb partition 2 next. Note that it helps support partition 1 and connects it to the previously plumbed exterior wall. Partition 3 comes next, then 4, 5, and 6 etc.
Step 3:
Continue erecting partitions that are at X to each other, all the way to the back of the building. This sequence is better than erecting two parallel partitions (such as 2 and 4) and then working in a confined area to erect the connecting partition (3).
longest center partition
one piece
right angles
Plate Lap Wall Intersections:
Tie Walls Together,
The double plate is usually fastened in place after
the walls have been plumbed and straightened
Special Framing Details:
Dealing with Special conditions:
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Special framing adds strength and quality to the construction. Its requirements are not always noted on the building plans. However, the carpenters should be familiar with them. Special framing details are required in the following situations:
- X features
- To provide openings for X
- To provide openings for heating ducts
- To add support for X
- To add blocking that supports the edges of interior X
- To provide extra strength to houses built in X .
- In some cases, for X
Unusual architectural
plumbing vents and fixtures
heavy items
wall coverings
earthquake or hurricane zones
fire safety
Special Framing Details:
Dealing with Special conditions:
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Why would a builder install special framing as fill-in work during slack periods in later construction stages?
Because a building must be enclosed quickly to protect against weather, and special framing features are time consuming.
Dealing with Special conditions: Unusual Walls: Gable Walls: --------------------------------------------- Gable Wall:
Also called Rake wall.
Walls that angle upward to meet the underside of the roof framing
Dealing with Special conditions:
Unusual Walls:
Gable Walls:
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What is different about the studs of gable walls?
The spacing of the studs is the same but precut studs cannot be used. Instead, each stud in the gable wall must be cut to specific length.
