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Builders License > Glencoe: Section 67 > Flashcards

Glencoe: Section 67 Flashcards

1
Q

Most complicated frame carpentry in a house

A

Roof framing because of all the angles involved

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2
Q

When does roof framing begin?

A

After house walls have been framed.

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3
Q

Nominal X” lumber is used for roof framing but Y is increasingly common

A

Nominal 2” lumber

I-joist

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4
Q

Using an I-joist requires the same basic understanding of X

A

rafter layout and roof design.

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5
Q

Main purpose of a roof

A

protect house from weather with minimum maintenance

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6
Q

Two common roof styles:

The other common roof styles:

A

Gable roof and hip roof

Gabel, hip, low-slope, and shed

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7
Q

Gable roof:

A

Gable roof has two sloping sides that meet at the top to form a gable at each end.

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8
Q

Gable:

A

Triangular wall enclosed by the sloping ends of the roof

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9
Q

A gable roof might include dormers.
Dormers:

A

upright window projections that add light and ventilation to the second floor rooms or the attic

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10
Q

The most common roof type

A

Gable

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11
Q

Hip roof:

A

Slopes at the ends of the building as well as the two sides. The slope on all sides results in an even overhang all around the building and gives a low appearance.

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12
Q

In hip roof, why are maintenance needs reduced?

A

Because there is no siding above the overhang.

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13
Q

This style of roof is very strong and is often found in regions where severe storms are common:

A

Hip roof

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14
Q

Low-Slope roof:

A

(float roof) is not perfectly flat. Instead the rafters are laid at a light angle to encourage water drain

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15
Q

Rafter:

A

an inclined framing member that supports the roof.

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16
Q 
Roof Styles:
Low slope roof:
-----------------
Sheathing and roofing are applied on X.
The ceiling material is applied to the Y.
A

top of the rafters

underside of the rafters

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17
Q

This type of roof is mostly found in dry climates

A

Low-Slope roof

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18
Q

Shed roof:

A

(lean-to roof) shed roof slopes in one direction only.

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19
Q

A shed roof is often used for an X

A

addition to an existing structure. In this case the roof may be attached to the side of structure of to the roof.

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20
Q

Benefit for shed roofs

A

cost effective

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21
Q

Gambrel roof:

A

Variation of gable roof. Steep slope on two sides.

A second slope begins partway up and continues to the top.

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22
Q

Gambrel roofs are commonly used in

A

barns.

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23
Q

Benefits of gambrel roof:

A

More useable attic space than a typical gable or hip roof. This space can also be used a second floor

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24
Q

Mansard roof:

A

Variation of hip roof. It has steep slopes on all four sides. Partway up, a shallow second slope is developed and continues to the top where it meets the slopes from the othersides.

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25
Q

Who brought the mansard roof to N.A?

A

French who settled in Quebec, canada.

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26
Q

Dutch hip roof:

A

is related to both the gable and the hip roof. Basically, it is a hip roof with a small gable at each end near the top.

27
Q

How does a dutch hip roof protect the walls from rain

A

it has even overhang around the entire building.

28
Q

Framing square short leg:
Long leg:

A

Tongue

Blade or Body

29
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
A basic conventional roof consists of:

More complex roof consists of:

A

rafters, ceiling joists, and a ridge board.

elements such as braces, valley rafters and jack rafters

30
Q 
Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
-----------------------------
Rafter:
Rafters serve the same purpose in the roof as X
A

is an inclined member of the roof framework.

joists in the floor or studs in the wall.

31
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
Rafters are usually spaced X” or Y” apart.

A

16” or 24”

32
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
Rafters vary in depth depending on their X

A

length, the distance they are spaced apart and their slope.

33
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
Collar tie:

A

horizontal tie that connects opposite pairs of rafters to help stiffen the roof.

34
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
Ridge board:

A

(ridge) is the horizontal piece that connects the upper ends of the rafters. It extends the full length of the house.

35
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
Rafters often extend beyond the exterior walls to form X that do what?

A

eaves (overhangs)

protect the sides of the house from sun and water damage.

36
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
The tail is the portion of the rafter that

A

extends beyond the wall of the building to form the eave.

37
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
Unsupported eaves commonly range from X” to Y” in depth. Deeper eaves should be supported by posts.

A

6” to 24”

38
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–
The types of rafters shown in on page 469 can be used to frame various styles of roof. Not every type of rafter will be needed for each roof:

  • Common rafters extend from the X to the Y at 90deg to both
A

top plate

ridge board

39
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–

  • Hip rafters extend X from the Y formed by the top plates to the ridge board.
A

diagonally

corner

40
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–

  • Valley rafters extend X from the X to the X along lines where two roofs intersect.
A

diagonally

top plates

ridge board

41
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–

  • Jack rafters, also called jacks, never X
A

extend the full distance from the top plate to the ridge board.

42
Q

Roof framing basics:
Parts of a Roof:
—————————–

There are three kinds of jack rafters.

Hip jack rafters extend from X

Valley jack rafters extend from Y

Cripple jack rafters extend between Z

A

the top plate to a hip rafter.

the ridge board to a valley rafter.

a hip rafter and a valley rafter or between two valley rafters.

43
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————
The slope of a roof must be calculated before

A

construction can begin

44
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
—————————–
The calculation for the slope of the roof depends on several factors such as:

A

roof’s span, run and rise.

45
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
—————————–
Span:

A

The span is the distance between the outer edges of the top plates. It is measured at right angles to the ridge board.

46
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
—————————–
Total run:

A

One-half the span (excpet when the slope of the roof is irregular).

47
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
—————————–
Unit run

A

set length that is used to figure the slope of rafters.

48
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
—————————–
The unit run for a rafter that is at a 90deg angle to the ridge (a common rafter) is always x”

A

12”

49
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
The unit run for a rafter that is at a 45deg angle to the ridge is x”

A

17”

50
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
The measuring line is an

A

imaginary line running from the outside wall to the top of the ridge.

51
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
Total rise:

A

is the vertical distance from the top of the top plate to the upper end of the measuring line.

52
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
Unit rise:

A

number of inches that a roof rises for every 12” of run (the unit run)

53
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
Slope:

A

ratio of rise to run

54
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
Pitch:

A

ratio of rise to span

55
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
—————————–
Either term can be used to describe the slant of roofs and rafters, but X is the most suited term for roof framing

A

slope

56
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
The triangular symbol above the roof shows the

A

slope visualy

57
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
When the slope is written out in words, the unit rise is X. For example a roof may have a unit rise of 6” and a unit run of 12”. This would be written X

A

is separated from the unit run by a slash mark

6/12

58
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
The slope of a roof can also be written in

A

degrees.

59
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
Plumb lines and level lines refer to the

A

direction of a line on a rafter, not to any particular rafter cut.

60
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
plumb line:

A

Any line that is vertical when the rafter is in its proper position is called a

61
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
level line:

A

Any line that is horizontal when the rafter is in its proper position

62
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
A framing square is used to

A

lay out plumb and level lines on a rafter.

63
Q

Roof framing basics:
Calculating Roof Slope:
———————————-
A plumb line is drawn along:

A level line is drawn along the:

A

Tongue of the square

Body or blade

Builders License (93 decks)

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