Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Builders License > Glencoe: Section 64 > Flashcards

Glencoe: Section 64 Flashcards

1
Q

What do carpenters do that will reduce the chance that a nail will split the wood when nailing close to the end of a board?

A

blunt the tip slightly by tapping it with a hammer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does using too many nails on wood do?

A

Actually weakens the wood and eventually causes it to split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why were metal framing connectors developed.

A

At one time, all wood-to-wood connections were secured by nails alone. This resulted in varying strength of connections due to the skills of the carpenters. So metal framing connectors were developed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Framing Connector

A

a metal framing connector is a formed metal bracket that is installed at framing connections using nails.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are framing connectors often used for

A

to installed engineered lumber.

Also used where extreme conditions like high winds are expected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What carpentry component is difficult or impossible to secure without the use of framing connectors?

A

I-joists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tie

A

A type of metal connector tie.

For example a hurricane tie ties the wall framing to the roof framing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A metal framing connector not only makes wood to wood junctions stronger but it makes

A

wood to masonry and wood to concrete connections stronger as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are framing connectors meant to be seen?

A

Some ornamental connectors are but most will never be seen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What material are framing connectors made from?

A

various gauges of galvanized steel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are metal framing connectors made

A

formed into specific shape.

Galvanized. (deposits a layer of zinc on all sides to slow corrosion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Standard metal framing connector galvanization coating:

A

G 60 or 0.005” thick zinc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nails should be used for metal framing connectors and why

A

stainless steel otherwise they would rust.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The best source about a metal connector is

A

the manufacturer. Also be aware of code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How far inland does salt spray effect metal

A

3000’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common metal framing connector

A

joist hanger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Joist hanger:

A

secures a joist to an intersecting framing member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are joist hangers used

A

where floor or ceiling joists meet another framing member such as a beam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Standard joist hangers are made from X

and are intended for use with Y

A

18-gauge galvanized metal and

are intended for use with solid lumber joists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nails are standard hanger joists installed with

A

10d common nails however always follow the manufacturers recommendations.
Special joist-hanger nails may be supplied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you install a joist hanger:

A

first, nail it to a beam.
Then slip the joist into the hanger.
Finally, hammer nails through the holes in the hanger and into the joist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens if the sides of the joist hanger are spread too wide?

A

The joist will be raised slightly.

This causes a lump in floor sheathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the seat of the metal hanger is “kicked out” from the beam, settling later on may

A

cause the floor to squeak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most common mistake when installing joist hangers is

A

to use too few nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

To ensure that the tops of all floor joists are in exactly the same plane, a joist hanger can

A

be nailed to the end of each joist first. Hold the joist in the desired position then secure the hanger to the beam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Joist hanger connection depends on nails for

A

shear strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The wide variety of metal connectors makes them useful from

A

foundation to roof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

metal post bases can be embedded in

A

concrete slabs or piers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do metal post bases embedded in concrete or piers do?

A

holds the wood slightly above the level of concrete to reduce the possibility of rot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Various types of metal clips and brackets can be used to tie rafters and trusses to

A

a top plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Metal connectors such as X are required in areas affected by earthquakes or severe weather

A

various types of metal clips and brackets used to tie rafters and trusses to top plates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Most structural framing connectors are used in situations where the nails that fasten them are exposed to

A

shear stresses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why should dry wall screws never be used on metal framing connectors

A

they do not have the shear strength that nails do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where can you find the nail schedule for metal framing connectors

A

the manufacturers instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When 16d nails are specified in metal framing connector instructions, this refers to

A

common nails, not sinkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Sinker

A

nails that are slightly thinner and shorter than common nails.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Some manufacturers provide what with their joist-hanger

A

special joist hanger nails called joist-hanger nails. Their larger diameter improves their strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Pneumatic nailers can be used to fasten

A

metal framing connectors into place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is one danger of using pneumatic nailer on metal framing connector

A

piercing the metal and weakening it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What pneumatic tool is used specifically for nailing framing connectors

A

hardware framing nailers. A metal probe in the nose locates the connector hole and guides the nail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Some framing connectors use X holes for increased strength

A

angled holes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When building a single-level house on a concrete slab, the slab itself serves

A

as the floor system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

If a house is not single level on a concrete slab, (i.e. it has basement or crawlspace) the floor system is

A

assembled from various types of wood framing and panel products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Floor framing for homes with basements or crawlspaces consists of

A

posts, girders, sill plates, joists or trusses, and subflooring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In first floor framing, joists rest on

A

sill plates or girders or be attached to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

in second floor framing, joists rest on

A

a double top plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Once sheathed, the floor joists

A

distributes load to the foundation walls for a solid base to walk on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Positive placement nails

A

Tip of the nail already sticking out. You know where its coming out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is generally used for floor framing

A

Nominal 2” lumber or laminated-veneer lumber I-Joists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In floor framing, floor trusses can be used as either

A

griders or as floor trusses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What advantages does engineered materials offer in floor framing

A

light weight, consistent strength, long spans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

In the average house, the distance between opposite foundation walls is too great for

A

a single floor joist to span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Floor joist

A

any light beam that supports a floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How do you overcome the fact that on the average house the distance between opposite foundation walls is too great for a single joist to span

A

a pair of joists are used to span the distance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How are a pair of joists spanning the foundation walls supported

A

the outer ends are supported by the foundation walls, whereas the inner ends are supported by a grider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Girder

A

large principal horizontal member used to support floor joists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

The ends of a girder supporting the floor joists are supported by

A

the foundation walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Post

A

is a wood or steel vertical member that provides intermediate support for a girder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Girders and posts can be made out of

Posts are sometimes made out of

A

solid lumber, engineered lumber, or steel

concrete or brick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Posts are often used in

A

basements beneath the main girder. They may also be used in a garage to support ceiling girders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Posts are often spaced

A

8’ to 10’ OC

the exact space depends on the size of the load

62
Q

A wood post must be X and at least X x X and is usually Y x Y

A

solid
4x4
6x6.

63
Q

A wooden posts ends must be

A

flat and securely fastened

64
Q

Because a wooden post transfer weight to a fairly small area of the foundation

A

the slab portion directly beneath the post must be thickened

65
Q

Thickened slab

A

thickened part of the concrete slab to support the weight of the load transferred by the post.

66
Q

Sometimes a post is raised by a

A

heavy-gauge metal bracket

67
Q

Why are Lally columns preferred in residential?

A

often preferred in residential construction because they are strong, easy to handle and take less space than solid wood posts.

68
Q

Lally columns

A

steel posts with flanges. The top flange is bolted to the grider, The bottom flange is bolted to the concrete pedestal.

69
Q

Steel posts must be at least

A

3” in diameter to protect against rust.

70
Q

Steel posts are sometimes X to increase strength

A

filled with concrete

71
Q

Girders are generally placed X

A

halfway between the longest foundation walls and parallel to them.

72
Q

Pros and cons of steel vs wood girder

A

steel does not shrink but is heavier

Wood shrinks but is easier to connect floor joists to wood girders.

73
Q

Floor joists often rest on top of X

This method Y

A

a girder

reduces head room

74
Q

Sill plate

A

horizontal framing member anchored to the foundation wall

75
Q

If the floor joists rests atop the girder, the girder must be

A

at the same level as the sill plate.

76
Q

Two methods of resting floor joists:

A

Method 1: floor joists rest on top of girder

Method 2: floor joist is nailed to girder with joist hangers which makes the tops flush

77
Q

Wood girders are available in several forms:

A

Solid wood girders
LVL girders
Glulam

78
Q

Why are solid wood girders no longer widely used

A

solid wood of suitable size and quality is no longer readily available.

79
Q

Built up girder:

A

Used in replacement of solid wood girder.

Built on site. Consist of three to four pieces of solid number nailed face to face.

80
Q

To make a built up girder:

A

Facenail each layer with 10d nails as follows:
stagger the nails 32” OC at top and bottom
Nail two or three times at the ends of every board including splices
Stagger the joists.

81
Q

How do you determine a steel girders strength:

A

the depth of the web and the thickness of the beam’s steel. Not the size of the flanges.

82
Q

Face nailing:

A

a nail is driven straight through the thickness of the lumber and into another piece.

83
Q

Toe nailing:

A

a nail is driven at an angle from the face through the edge of the lumber and into another piece.

84
Q

Why does toe nailing call for smaller nails than face nailing

A

long toe nails increases risk of splitting wood

85
Q

Steel girders come in two different shapes:

A

I beam with web larger than flanges

W-beam called wide flange. Web and flanges are the same width

86
Q

Steel beams are ordered based on two criteria:

A

Height and weight

87
Q

How do you measure height in a steel beam?

A

Flange to flange

88
Q

How do you measure weight of a steel beam?

A

weight of a one-foot length of the beam

89
Q

Steel beam:
W12 x 45#
What does that mean?

A

Wide flange (W) 12” wide. and 45lbs per foot.

90
Q

On steel beam notation what does an S stand for

A

I-beam

91
Q

If a steel I-beam is to be used as a girder, what must be attached to the top of the beam?

A

wood bearing plate.

92
Q

What does a wood bearing plate attached to the top of a steel beam do?

A

allows you to toenail the floor joists to the beam.

93
Q

How are wood bearing plates fastened to steel?

A

steel pins driven by a powder actuated tool

94
Q

Load:

A

an explosive gunpowder charge drives hardened steel pins into steel or concrete.

95
Q

Alternative to steel pins driven into the I-Beam

A

Steel fabricator can weld short lengths of threaded steel rod to the top of girder which wood plate can then be drilled to match and secured with nuts and washer.

96
Q

Beam pocket:

A

notch in the foundation wall which girders fit into

97
Q

Floor truss can also be used as

A

a girder

98
Q

trusses are made in

A

the factory to the specification of the job

99
Q

Floor trusses can be used in place of lumber joists where

A

long spans are required

100
Q

Parts of a floor truss

A

chords, webs, and connector plates.

101
Q

Floor truss web:

A

allows heating ducts, water lines, drain lines, and other items to be passed through with ease.

102
Q

Most common type of floor truss in residential construciton:

A

parallel-chord floor truss. Top and bottom chords are parallel to each other over the length of the truss.

103
Q

What must you do to floor trusses as they are being installed?

A

brace them. Truss fabricator can provide detailed bracing instructions

104
Q

when are Posts and girders installed

A

after the foundation walls are complete and the forms have been stripped. In houses that have a basement, the basement floor slab may also be in place.

105
Q

To located thickened slab points for post placement

A

sometimes metal anchors are placed when the slab is poured.

106
Q

What if there are no anchor points to designate where posts should be placed?

A

consult the plans

107
Q

Floor trusses should be braced temporarily with

A

2x4 stock until they are sheathed.

108
Q

After posts are in place,

A

install the girder and brace it if necessary

109
Q

How are steel or glulam girders placed?

A

crane or special forklift

110
Q

How are wood or built up girders placed?

A

sometimes lifted into position

111
Q

How much should the ends of the wood girders beat on the masonry walls in inches?

A

4”. This will reduce the risk of the crushing the wood fibers.

112
Q

How much clearance on the sides of a girder into the beam pocket have?

A

1/2” on either side

This prevents wood from absorbing the moisture of the masonry

113
Q

To determine the height of a wooden post:

A

Stretch a string line tightly across the foundation.
Measure from the floor to the line.
Calculate the length of the post based on deducting the depth of the girder. Be sure to account for the thickness of any other elements that will be attached to the post such has bearing plates.

114
Q

To determine the height of a steel post:

A

the height of the floor to the bottom of the girder is all that is needed. Post should be centered on the girders width.

115
Q

Solid lumber was once the only material used for joists but modern builders now use

A

LVL

116
Q

The most common LVL product is

A

the I-Joist

117
Q

Box sill:

A

a box sill consists of a sill plate (also called a midsill or just silll). and a rim (or band) joist. The sill plate is anchored to the foundation wall and the rim joist is toenailed to the sill plate.

118
Q

What completes the floor system

A

floor joists and subflooring

119
Q

Subflooring:

A

consists of engineered wood sheets such as plywood or oriented strand board overlayed on floor joists

120
Q

Sill plate:

A

lowest member of the wood floor frame and provides a smooth bearing surface for the floor joists.

121
Q

What is the sill plate made from:

A

2x4 or 2x6 preservative-treated lumber.

122
Q

Preservative-treatment

A

protects wood against moisture damage and insect attack.

123
Q

How are joists secured to the sill plate?

A

toe nailed or metal framing anchor if specified by code.

124
Q

Why are sill plates important?

A

Sill plates establish the quality of all the framing that will follow. If they are not level or secure the entire floor system will not be level and the house may not survive an earthquake.

125
Q

When are the anchor bolts for the sill plates installed?

A

when the foundation is placed.

126
Q

Sill plates should be anchored to the foundation with at least

A

two 1/2” bolts in each plate.

127
Q

According to the building code, the bolts must be spaced in the foundation for the sill plate no more than X’ OC and there must be a bolt within X” of each end of every plate.

A

6

12”

128
Q

How do you prevent cold air from leaking into the house through the sill plate?

A

The plate should be set on top of a foam or fiberglass sill sealer.

129
Q

Joists are usually placed X to girders on X” or Y” centers. However, check the house plans for the exact size, spacing and direction of the joists.

A

perpendicular

16” or 24”

130
Q

Where should you install a termite shield to protect from termites traveling from foundation walls to wood members?

A

beneath the sill plate

131
Q

Sill plates on opposite walls should be installed so that they are

A

parallel to each other

132
Q

Installing sill plates:

Step 1:

A

Check to see that foundation is level and square. To check a simple rectangular foundation measure diagonally from corner to corner. To check a more complex foundation, use the 3-4-5 method for squaring walls. Adjust the plates as needed so they will be square.

133
Q

Installing sill plates:
Step 2:
Establish the location of the sill plate. From the outside edge of the foundation wall, X. If the outside wall of the sheathing will be flush with the outside edge of the foundation wall, Y

A

measure back a distance equal to the width of the sill plate

measure back the width of the sill plate plus the thickness of the sheathing.

134
Q

Installing sill plates:
Step 3:
Place sill plate stock around the foundation. Use only straight flat lumber that has been preservative-treated. Any wood placed against concrete should be preservative-treated to resist rot.
X

A

Place the edges of each piece against the foundation anchor bolts and mark the centerline of the bolts on the plate. Using a square, extend these marks across the width of the sill plate.

135
Q

Installing sill plates:

Step 4:

A

Measure from the center of each bolt to the chalk line on the foundation. Measure the same distance on the plate, starting from the edge that is resting against the bolt. Mark the bolt centerline at this point.

136
Q

Installing sill plates:

Step 5:

A

using a 5/8” spade bit, bore holes through the plate at each marked point. (if termite shields will be used, bore holes at the same locations in them using a suitable drill bit)

137
Q

Installing sill plates:

Step 6:

A

Roll out sill sealer over the top of the foundation walls and press it into place. The weight of the buidling presses the sill sealer against the foundation wall to stop drafts.

138
Q

Installing sill plates:
Step 7:
X.
Start at the high point of the foundation wall and check to see that the sill plate is level, using a builders level. An even more accurate technique would be to check the plate with Y. Shim beneath the sill plate with cement grout or with preservative-treated wood shims, as needed to make it level.

A

Slip the sill plate over the anchor bolts.

a laser level set up in a location that would allow you to check the entire foundation

139
Q

Installing sill plates:

Step 8:

A

place a flat washer and a nut on each foundation bolt. Use a wrench to tighten each nut securely.

140
Q

Joists are often nailed into place. However, X can be used to replace many of the nailed connections. The most common metal connector used in floor framing is the Y, shown being installed above.

A

metal connectors

joist hanger

141
Q

What do joists hangers strengthen?

A

The connection between floor joists and the rim joists.

142
Q

Joists are spaced X from one end of the house to the other, however, certain factors may interrupt this spacing, such as Y

A

Evenly

The need to provide a stairwell opening or extra room for plumbing drain lines.

143
Q

When marking the joist layout, where do you begin the tape measure?

A

at the corner of the sill plate.

144
Q

When marking the joist layout, make a mark X” from the outside edge of the sill plate. This will Y

A

15 1/4”.

Mark the location of the first joist.

145
Q

When marking the joist layout, mark and X on the

A

side of the sill that the joist will rest.

146
Q

After you have marked the first joist on the sill, mark every X” to indicate the positions of all the joists on that plate.

A

16”

147
Q

When you have marked the location of all the joists on the sill plate, double check that a joist is centered every X’ because Y

A

4’ because this will ensure floor sheathing panels always fall along the centerline of a joist.

148
Q

If the joists span the entire length of the foundation, what will the sill plate marking layout look like?

A

Identical

149
Q

If the joists do not span the entire length of the foundation, what do you do to the joist layout on the opposite walls sill plate?

A

offset it by 1 1/2” (the thickness of a joist),

150
Q

How much should joists overlap if they do not span the entire length of the foudnation?

A

3”

Builders License (93 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions