LOCALS

Question 1

what is the effect of local anesthetics?

Answer 1

inhibits propagation of the action potential

Question 2

which has a faster onset?

lidocaine or bupivacaine

Answer 2

lidocaine, exception is chloroprocaine with pKa of 8.7, h/e given at higher concentrations

Question 3

lipid solubility correlates with?

Answer 3

potency
duration
protein binding

Question 4

these are high potency, high protein binding, longer duration of action

Answer 4

tetracaine
bupivacaine
ropivacaine

Question 5

these are low potency, low protein binding, shorter duration of action

Answer 5

cocaine
procaine
lidocaine

Question 6

less potent, less lipid soluble agents have?

Answer 6

faster onset
lower protein binding
shorter duration

Question 7

more potent, more lipid soluble agents have?

Answer 7

slower onset
greater protein binding
longer duration of action

Question 8

if extracellular K is high it favors the inactivated state of the Na channel thus,…

Answer 8

enhances locals effect

Question 9

if extracellular Ca is high it favors the resting state of the Na channel thus,…

Answer 9

decreases local effect

Question 10

duration of anesthetics is prolonged by use of?

name an example

Answer 10

vasoconstrictors

lidocaine

Question 11

these are metabolized in the liver?

in the plasma/tissue?

Answer 11

amides

esters

• procaine
• benzocaine

Question 12

what are the main toxicities?

Answer 12

CNS

cardiotoxicity