HIGH YIELD Flashcards
what are the 2 types of skeletal muscle relaxants?
neuromuscular blockers
antispasmodics
T/F, patient must be sedated before administering an NBMA?
T
what are the two actions of neuromuscular blockers?
nondepolarizing, blocks Ach
depolarizing, binds at Ach receptor
how do we measure the extent of blockade of the NBMA?
train-of-four
factors affecting blockade, those that enhance and decrease?
hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
hypercalcemia, alkolosis, carbamazepine, phenytoin (CYP inducers)
blocks ACh from binding?
nondepolarizing agents
major adverse reaction of depolarizing agents?
hyperkalemia
bradycardia w/ low doses
myalgias
other:
malignant hyperthermia
increased intragastric pressure, intraocular pressure
reversal considerations?
for depolarizing and nondepolarizing?
TOFR > 0.9 before extubation so patient can breathe on own
no reversal agent for succinylcholine (depolarizing agent)
non depolarizing agent reversal:
cholinesterase inhibitors
-neostigamine, pyridostagmine, edrophonium
*sugammadex for rocuronium and vecuronium
what are the 1st and 2nd line spasmolytics?
baclofen (1st)
tizanidine (2nd)
dantrolene (2nd)
which of the spasmolytics causes QT prolongation?
tizanidine (2nd), rapid withdrawal leads to rebound hypertension
which of the spasmolytics is 1st line for malignant hyperthermia with BBW hepatotoxicity?
dantrolene (2nd)
what are the antispasmodics?
carisprodol chlorzoxazone cyclobenzaprine diazepam metaxalone methanocarbamol orphenadrine
which antispasmodics has the highest abuse potential?
carisoprodol
which antispasmodics can cause hepatotoxicity?
chlorzoxazone
which antispasmodic has strong anticholinergic effects like constipation, dry mouth, sedation?
cyclobenzaprine
