Livestock vaccination

Question 1

Identify the diseases commonly vaccinated for in cattle

Answer 1

Cows are generally vaccinated for IBR, BVD, PI3, and BRSV virus, leptospirosis, clostridial, E. coli mastitis, and calf diarrhea diseases during the lactation period and/or the dry period.

Question 2

Identify the diseases commonly vaccinated for in pigs

Answer 2

The basic vaccinations for feeder pigs are atrophic rhinitis (bordetella), actinoba- cillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), mycoplasmal pneumonia, and erysipelas.

Question 3

Identify the diseases commonly vaccinated for in sheep

Answer 3

The common diseases include pulpy kidney, braxy, blackleg and tetanus. Breeding ewes require a primary course of two injections given four to six weeks apart, followed by an annual booster four to six weeks before lambing.

Question 4

diseases commonly vaccinated for in horses

Answer 4

Tetanus: Clostridium tetani is present in all parts of the world.
Equine Herpesvirus 1 and 4 (Rhinopneumonitis): Two types of equine herpesviruses vaccine are available, EHV-1 and EHV-4. 
Influenza
Rabies
Potomac Horse Fever
Botulism
Streptococcus equi Infection
Rotavirus

Question 5

Describe the arguments for and against vaccination in livestock

Answer 5

We have a legal and moral responsibility for animals under our care (1, 2). In many cases, we know the main disease risks on a farm, which is based on history, local and veterinary knowledge. This means herd and flock health plans can be put in place to address the disease risk on an individual farm basis. A specific approach means animals can receive a tailored vaccination program.
nimals may also succumb to respiratory diseases like pneumonia. These are painful conditions that make breathing difficult, damage lungs and even if successfully treated can mean animals do not grow as well as expected. Preventing outbreaks of respiratory disease through vaccination has major welfare benefits for animals and also helps farmers to produce affordable and safe food.
The animal health community in the UK is also actively working together to control some of the endemic diseases on a national level. Good examples are the campaigns to eliminate Bovine Viral Diarrhoea or BVD, which causes significant reproduction and production losses (3, 4). The success of these programmes is often dependent on the availability and appropriate use of vaccines to protect animals
In terms of exotic diseases, outbreaks of Schmallenberg and Bluetongue in the UK pose a risk to British livestock farmers. Both of these viral diseases are spread through infected biting midges, which can reach the UK under certain conditions. The 2016 threat of Bluetongue has resulted in co-ordinated efforts by animal medicine companies, farming organisations and the UK government, to make vaccines available to UK farmers before the peak risk period
Whether or not to vaccinate livestock against FMD and other non-endemic animal diseases is a controversial issue.