Housing III. Exotics Housing Flashcards

Question

Hospitalisation accommodation

Answer 1

``` 🐰Consider Diet 🐰Space limited 🐰Company 🐰Observation 🐰Visibility 🐰Access eg for medication/fluids 🐰Noises/smells in vicinity 🐰Security 🐰Escape 🐰Predation ```

Answer 2

``` 🐰Predator free environment 🐰Crepuscular species 🐰Avoid bright lighting in the day 🐰Litter Trays 🐰3m x 2m x 1m 🐰Need height to stand on hindlegs 🐰Hutch alone not acceptable 🐰Hutch + Exercise area/enclosure 🐰Regularly move the run 🐰Care re burrowing ``` ``` 🐰Interaction at ground level 🐰Strong wire that can’t chew through 🐰Bolt locks 🐰Absorbent bedding 🐰Nesting material 🐰Slip proof under foot 🐰Spot Cleaned daily 🐰Full clean weekly Water provision 🐰Bottle and/or bowl 🐰Enrichment ```

Answer 3

``` 🐰Out of direct sunlight 🐰Partially covered/insulated 🐰Access to grass run 🐰Care re toxic plants 🐰Temperature shifts dangerous 🐰Noise/Fireworks ```

Answer 4

``` 🐰Minimum 3m x 2m x 1m 🐰Rabbit Proofing 🐰Other pets 🐰Electric wires 🐰Chewing 🐰Being trodden on 🐰Houseplants 🐰‘Escape’ 🐰Free Range vs confined to room or part of room 🐰Conservatories can get very hot 🐰Care re smooth floors ```

Answer 5

🐹Should never be kept with rabbits 🐹Housed in pairs or small groups (neutering) 🐹Male dominated hierarchy 🐹Hutch raised off the ground 🐹Free access to exercise area (tunnels?) 🐹Tall enough to stand on back legs 🐹Sheltered 🐹Shelters essential 🐹Move indoors <15oC 🐹Adequate resources to limit competition 🐹Untreated wooden chew toys Key Information Temperature: 16-24 oC Humidity: 30-70% Space: 0.9m2 per adult Sociable species

Answer 6

🌵Nocturnal 🌵Sociable 🌵Pairs, single sex groups, polygamous groups 🌵1 male: 5 females 🌵Horizontal and vertical space required 🌵Narrow wire mesh (max 15mm) + solid floor 🌵Gnawproof material 🌵Dust baths

Answer 7

``` 🛀🏽Commercial dust products 🛀🏽Volcanic Ash 🛀🏽Fuller’s earth and Silver sand 1:9 🛀🏽2-4cm deep for mammals 🛀🏽Open container 🛀🏽Max 30 mins 🛀🏽Several times a week 🛀🏽Don’t leave in 🛀🏽Conjunctivitis 🛀🏽Dermatophytosis 🛀🏽Many species ```

Answer 8

🐻Similar to Chinchilla housing 🐻Multi-level housing 🐻Vertical space & furniture for climbing 🐻Solid roof 🐻Raise up from ground level 🐻Large rodent wheels/toys/enrichment 🐻Deep bedding for digging and tunnelling 🐻May stockpile food 🐻Dust/sand bath 2-3 times/week

Answer 9

``` 🐹Live in burrows in the wild 🐹Nocturnal – travel <10km at night 🐹Plastic cages with wire tops 🐹Use a latrine – spot clean daily 🐹Stable temperature 🐹Exercise wheels/balls 🐹Dust free substrate 🐹Woodchips 🐹Paper 🐹Deep for burrowing 🐹Nest box 🐹Empty weekly ```

Answer 10

``` 🐹Live in colonies in underground burrows 🐹Single sex pairs/groups 🐹Plastic cage with wire tops 🐹Gerbilarium 🐹Deep Substrate for tunnelling (15-20cm) 🐹Sawdust, shavings, hay 🐹Avoid sand 🐹Dry environment 🐹Sand or dust bath 🐹Produce very little urine 🐹Care re hamster wheels ```

Answer 11

``` 🐀0.6m x 0.35m x 0.25m 🐀Separate areas for feeding, sleeping, exercise 🐀Plastic and wire/gnawproof material 🐀Multilevel housing 🐀Solid floor 🐀Varied environment/cage free time 🐀Dust free substrate 🐀Paper ideal 🐀Clean weekly 🐀Ventilition 🐀Exercise wheel and lots of stimulation/enrichment ```

Answer 12

``` 🐁Similar to rats 🐁Plastic cage with removable base tray 🐁Escape proof 🐁Away from predators 🐁Nest box 🐁Ladders/exercise wheel 🐁Sensitive to heat stroke ```

Answer 13

``` 🦦 Verysociable 🦦 Pairs,groups 🦦 Anysexratio,dependsonpersonality 🦦 Sleepinpiles 🦦 Needhighlevelstimulation 🦦 Multi-levelhousing 🦦 Dig 🦦 Climb 🦦 Tunnel 🦦 Notoriousescapeartists 🦦 Underwireanyoutdoorenclosure ```

Answer 14

``` 🦦 Smallhutchwithregularplayandcagefreetime 🦦 Sleepingare 🦦 Latrine 🦦 Solidbase 🦦 Hide/hammock/oldclothingbedding 🦦 Dustfreesubstrate 🦦 Noshavings/hay/straw 🦦 Tallenoughtostandonhindlegs 🦦 Climbingetcdigging 🦦 stashing ```

Answer 15

``` 🦔Increasingly popular pet 🦔Exercise wheel 🦔Solitary 🦔Fighting common between males 🦔If grouping introduce when young 🦔Solid floor cage 🦔Aspen/paper bedding 🦔Fleece fabric/carpeting 🦔Shelter to reduce stress 🦔Quiet, dim environment 🦔Will require external heating ```

Answer 16

``` 🦆Free ranging 🦆Flightless 🦆Deflighting 🦆Aviary 🦆Cage 🦆Tethering 🦆Lofting 🦆Homing 🦆Breeding 🦆Unfiltered UV light ```

Answer 17

🦅Often requested to keep pet birds from flying or reduce risk of injury/escape 🦅Consider freedom to express normal behaviour 🦅Risk of injury from bad clipping 🦅Temporary measure 🦅Explore alternative options

Answer 18

``` • Permanent flight prevention • Waterfowl downies < 10 days old only • Unilateral amputation of distal wing tip, distal to alula • Act of veterinary surgery • 3-4 days old, cartilage, skin, down • Alula must be preserved • Metacarpals should be as short as possible • Silver nitrate for haemostasis ```

Answer 19

``` 🦜Highly sociable & intelligent 🦜Cage 🦜Aviary 🦜Horizontal cage wires for climbing 🦜Perches 🦜Space for flight 🦜Mixed species ```

Answer 20

``` 🦜UV spectrum 🦜Bath 🦜Humidity/Misting 🦜Photoperiod 🦜Environmental pollutants/hazards 🦜Enrichment essential 🦜Toys 🦜Variety ```

Answer 21

``` 🐤Hardbills - Finches & Canaries 🐤Softbills (Mynahs 🐤Wire cages 🐤Aviaries 🐤Breeder boxes 🐤Can mix some Finch species (Psittacines?) 🐤Nesting material/bowl 🐤Mite resistant housing 🐤Perches to fly between 🐤Toys ```

Answer 22

``` 🐤Backyard Poultry 🐤Ducks/Swans/Geese 🐤Sociable – keep in small groups 🐤Mixed species 🐤Predator proof wooden hut 🐤Eglu 🐤Perch for hens 🐤Natural foragers 🐤Nestboxes 🐤Ducks require water to submerge heads ```

Answer 23

🦅 Hugely variable environmental requirements 🦅Tethered 🦅Blocks 🦅Bow Perches 🦅Protection from predators 🦅Bating injuries 🦅Aviaries 🦅Breeding 🦅Exhibition 🦅Off season

Answer 24

``` 🦅 Aviary design varies with species and purpose 🦅Accipiters limited visibility 🦅Confident birds more open aviaries 🦅Bigger is not always better 🦅Solid, mesh or net walls 🦅Thick mesh, ideally coated 🦅Rodent proofing 🦅Roof should be part covered 🦅Access to unfiltered sunlight and rain 🦅Concrete based with substrate 🦅Perches (swinging?) 🦅Nest boxes 🦅Baths ```

Answer 25

``` 🦅Perches outside during the day if dry 🦅Covered bay at night 🦅Good observation 🦅Portable perches 🦅Moved to aviary during closed season for moult 🦅Flown almost daily 🦅UK zoo legislation minimum 5/7 days 🦅Baths removed at noon 🦅Tethered > 18” from ground at night/winter 🦅Protection from predators ```

Answer 26

``` 🐦 Lofts 🐦Garage/Shed/Stable 🐦Freestanding 🐦Different compartments 🐦Old birds 🐦Young birds 🐦Breeding pairs 🐦Entrance traps 🐦Perches 🐦Temperature 🐦Ventilation ```

Answer 27

🌞 4 Zones to categorize reptiles and amphibians by their UV requirement 🌞Based on natural sun exposure 🌞Helps identify UV requirement in captivity

Answer 28

``` 🌒 Shade Dweller 🌒Crepuscular species 🌒UVI 0-0.7 🌒Basking zone 0.6-1.4 🌒Most Frogs/Toads 🌒Axolotls 🌒Common Geckos 🌒Corn Snakes 🌒Anaconda ```

Answer 29

``` 🌗 Partial Sun 🌗Occasional basker 🌗UVI 0.7 – 1 🌗Basking zone 1.1-3.0 🌗Royal Python 🌗Most Boas 🌗King Snakes 🌗Hognoses 🌗Box Turtles 🌗Asian Water Dragon ```

Answer 30

``` 🌔 Partial or open Sun basker 🌔UVI 1-2.6 🌔Basking zone 2.9-7.4 🌔Bearded Dragon 🌔Mediterranean Tortoise 🌔Green Iguana 🌔Many monitors Some Chameleons 🌔Tegus ```

Answer 31

``` 🌕 Mid day Sun basker 🌕UVI 2.6-3.5 🌕Basking zone 4.5-9.5 🌕Uromastyx 🌕Bosc Monitor 🌕Rhino Iguana Marginated Tortoise ```

Answer 32

``` 🐍 Varied requirements 🐍Frequently inactive 🐍Minimum 2/3 length of the snake 🐍Gaps/sliding doors – escape risk 🐍Good ventilation 🐍Heating (POTZ) 🐍Thermal gradients 🐍Variable UV requirement Night time temperatures 🐍Wire guards over heat sources Humidity hide for shedding 🐍Substrates ```

Answer 33

``` 🐲 Australian species 🐲Vivarium 🐲90 x 45 x 45cm 🐲26-40oC 🐲Minimum night time temperature 16oC Diurnal 🐲High intensity Full UV Spectrum 🐲Ferguson Zone 3-4 ```

Answer 34

``` 🦎Desert species eg Leopard 🦎Forest species eg Crested 🦎Range in humidity requirements 🦎Humidity and temperature gradients 🦎 Deep substrate 🦎Low level UV-B 🦎Sometime considered optional 🦎Vertical routes 🦎Range of textures 🦎Water provision ```

Answer 35

``` 🦎Arboreal 🦎Rainforest species 🦎Tall escape proof vivarium 🦎Branches/tall furniture Rarely go on the floor 🦎Thermal gradient Diurnal 🦎High intensity UVA UVB 🦎12-14 hour photoperiod 🦎70% humidity 🦎Drink from droplets ```

Answer 36

``` 🐢 Aquatic/Semi Aquatic 🐢Water filtration 🐢Turtle Tub 🐢Guidelines for water depth vary 🐢Dry landing place 🐢Heat Source (air and water) 🐢Basking spot 🐢UV Spectrum 🐢Substrate 🐢 Territorial 🐢Can grow very large 🐢Water temperature ```

Answer 37

``` 🐢Indoor and outdoor space 🐢Grazing 🐢Toxic plants 🐢Heat Source 🐢Basking spot 🐢UV Spectrum 🐢Night time temperatures 🐢Substrate 🐢Solitary/Territorial ```

Answer 38

``` 🐢Healthy adult Mediterranean species 🐢October – February 🐢1-10oC 🐢Predator proof 🐢Temperature controlled 🐢Ventilation 🐢Stable temperature 🐢Insulation 🐢Refrigerator ideal 🐢NOT OUTDOORS 🐢Preparation key 🐢Monitoring ```

Answer 39

``` 🐸 Very variable taxonomic group 🐸 Tropical Frogs 🐸 Aquatic/Semi Aquatic 🐸 Nocturnal/Diurnal 🐸 Arboreal tree frogs 🐸 General high humidity 🐸Variable temperature 🐸Leaf litter 🐸 Water - Deep to shallow 🐸 Tall vivarium 🐸 Wood surfaces need to be resin sealed 🐸 Mesh lid UV Provision 🐸 12 hour photoperiod ```

Answer 40

🚫Many conditions caused by sub-optimal housing 🚫Will be covered in clinical course 🚫Often multifactorial 🚫Highlights importance of appropriate housing 🚫Often many good methods of housing 🚫Some examples...

Answer 41

🧑🏻‍⚕️Ring tail – low humidity in rodents 🧑🏻‍⚕️Frost bite – cold temperatures in birds 🧑🏻‍⚕️Burns – inappropriate heating source 🧑🏻‍⚕️Wing tip oedema – tethering raptors low to ground in winter 🧑🏻‍⚕️Respiratory problems – dusty substrate/low humidity 🧑🏻‍⚕️Pododermatitis – inappropriate substrate/wire floor 🧑🏻‍⚕️Immunocompromise – stress of overcrowding 🧑🏻‍⚕️Injuries from conspecifics – inadequate resource/group dynamic 🧑🏻‍⚕️Metabolic Bone Disease – Inadequate UV-B 🧑🏻‍⚕️Poor Breeding Success – Inappropriate photoperiod 🧑🏻‍⚕️Impaction – inappropriate substrate 🧑🏻‍⚕️Cutaneous ulcers – poor water quality

Answer 42

👩🏽‍⚕️ Changes to housing may be required 👩🏽‍⚕️ Substrate thickness or type 👩🏽‍⚕️ Paper towel for wounds/post surgical 👩🏽‍⚕️ Thick substrate for bumblefoot 👩🏽‍⚕️ Humidity 👩🏽‍⚕️ Increase in respiratory disease 👩🏽‍⚕️ Decrease in some infectious disease 👩🏽‍⚕️ Temperature 👩🏽‍⚕️ Increased to help healing esp. ectotherm 👩🏽‍⚕️ Furniture 👩🏽‍⚕️ Remove in some conditions 👩🏽‍⚕️ Enrichment may need to be adapted eg mobility