Effect of exercise on the cardiovascular respiratory

Question 1

Short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular systems

Answer 1

Increase cardiac output through increased heart rate and stroke volume
Re-distribution of blood flow
Splenic contraction

Question 2

Short term effects of exercise on the resperatory systems

Answer 2

Increased respiration rate
Increased tidal volume
Increased minute ventilation
Increased efficiency of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 3

effects of exercise on Cardiac Output

Answer 3

Cardiac output increases Similarly in trained and untrained subjects.
Inuntrained subjects, the increase in cardiac output is achieved mainly by a significant increase inheart rateand a moderate increase instroke volume(SV).
Intrained subject, the increase is due to a significant increase in stroke volume andheart rate(HR).

Question 4

Splenic Reserve

Answer 4

10-20% Red blood cell volume stored in spleen

Smooth muscle contracts to release this during exercise

Question 5

effects of exercise on Respiration rate

Answer 5

Respiration rate increases- shifting more O2 & CO2
Blood pH decreases
Detected by chemoreceptors
Centrally in medulla oblongata
Peripherally in aortic and carotid bodies
Inspiratory area in medulla signals to diaphragm to contract more forcefully, CO2 exhaled, pH increases

Question 6

effects of exercise on Accessory Respiration Muscles

Answer 6

In addition to the main muscles of respiration additional muscle groups are recruited to aid respiration during exercise.
Pectorals
Latissimus Dorsi
External abdominal obliques

Question 7

long term effects of exercise

Answer 7

Decreased resting heart rate
Decreased blood pressure
Increased tidal volume
Increased vital capacity
Increased capillarisation
Hypertrophy of myocardium
Increased aerobic capacity
Faster recovery

Question 8

effects of exercise on aerobic capacity

Answer 8

Maximum oxygen uptake, VO2max
Increased ability for heart to pump oxygenated blood around the body
Ability for respiration within the muscle cells -> more mitochondria and mitochondrial enzymes
Krebs cycle, ATP production

Question 9

Effects of exercise on other systems

Answer 9

Increase bone density
Muscle Hypertrophy
Increased insulin sensitivity
Reduced cortisol