Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column (Spine)

A

• Houses and protects spinal cord
• Muscle attachment
• Locomotion
• Series of irregular bones with regional variations
• Regions of the vertebral column • Cervical / thoracic / lumbar / sacral /
caudal or coccygeal
• Vertebral formula (dog) • C7T13L7S3CCvariable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thoracic spine

A

Corresponds with number of ribs (13 in dog and cat)
• Limited movement in this region (due to articulation with ribs at
costal fovea)
• Protects thoracic viscera
• Provides attachment for thoracic limb • Short vertebral body
• Long dorsal spinous process
• Small transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lumbar Spine

A
Stouter vertebral bodies
• Forward sloping dorsal spinous
processes
• Long flat transverse processes
Ligaments
1. Supraspinousligament; 2. spinous process;
3. interspinous ligament; 4. arch of vertebra;
5. interarcuate ligament; 6. Intervertebral
foramen;
7. dorsal longitudinal ligament;
8. ventral longitudinal ligament;
9. intervertebral disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sacral spine

A

The sacrum is a single bone formed by three fused vertebrae

• The sacrum articulates with the pelvic girdle • Reduced dorsal spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coccygeal spine

A
  • AKA caudal spine
  • Number varies
  • Processes are reduced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Fight and flight response (4Fs) • Thoracolumbar outflow
  • Parasympathetic
  • Maintains homeostasis • Relaxed state
  • Rest and digest
  • Craniosacral outflow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Motor and sensory component
  • Motor component consists of pre and post ganglionic fibres • Dual innervation of organs
  • All pre-ganglionic fibres cholinergic, are myelinated (fast)
  • Post ganglionic fibres are unmyelinated (slower but efficient) • Parasympathetic are cholinergic
  • Sympathetic mostly adrenergic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic

A
  • Pre-ganglionic fibres in lateral horn of thoracolumbar spinal cord
  • Sympathetic – one pre-ganglionic fibre synapses with 20 post-ganglionic fibres
  • Sympathetic ganglia near spine (short neurons for speed of response)
  • No cranial nerves contain sympathetic fibres (thoracolumbar outflow only)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

Parasympathetic

A
  • Parasympathetic ganglia in or near target (except for those of the head)
  • Parasympathetic – one pre-ganglionic fibre synapses with four post-ganglionic fibres
  • Cranial nerves containing parasympathetic fibres • Occulomotor
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympathetic response

A
Fight or flight
Muscles tense
Increase heart rate
Pupils dilate (let more light in)
Decrease salivation (dry mouth)
Adrenalin released from adrenal glands
Glycogen converted to glucose
Shorter neurons allows a faster response time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasympathetic response

A
Maintains homeostasis
Rest and digest
Pupils contract
Increase salivation (for digestion)
Longer neurons respectively leading to slower responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharmacological regulation of the autonomic nervous system

A

• Pharmacology will be covered fully at a later stage of the course
• Here are some common examples of drugs you may have come across
that act on the ANS
Salbutamol– inhibits bronchospasm
Propanolol – slows heart rate, reduces blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly