Cardiovascular and Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
lobes of the left lung
cranial and caudal lobes). The cranial and caudal segments of the left cranial lung lobe are not considered individual lobes because their bronchi are not primary branches from the left principal bronchus.
lobes of the right lung
Canine and feline lungs have identical lobation with four lobes of the right lung (the cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes
The thymus
the thymus is located in the front part of the chest cavity, between the trachea (windpipe) and the ribs
this may be small or even absent in adult dogs
Thymus, pyramid-shaped lymphoid organ
Accessory lobe of the right lung in mediastinal recess
he right accessory lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the ventral bronchiole system.
The mediastinum contains the heart and all other thoracic organs (heart, oesophagus, trachea, aorta, thymus) except the lungs (which are within the pleural sacs) and the caudal vena cava.
Trachea and its bifurcation into the left bronchus
The trachea, also called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air
The trachea divides into the left and right main bronchus, which is known as the tracheal bifurcation, at the level of the sternal angle and of the fifth thoracic vertebra
left phrenic nerve
The left phrenic nerve lies in a similar plica from the entire left pleural sheet of the mediastinum. Each phrenic nerve spreads out on its respective half of the diaphragm, where it supplies this muscle with motor and sensory fibers. On reaching the diaphragm, each phrenic nerve divides into three main branches: ventral, lateral, and dorsal
Aortic arch
he aortic arch is the part of the aorta between the ascending aorta and thoracic descending aorta. The sharpness of the angle can be different among individuals. The aortic arch gives rise to three arterial branches
Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta is the section of the aorta that is in the chest. What is a thoracic aortic aneurysm? An aortic aneurysm is a swelling or bulging at any point along the aorta.
Pulmonary trunk
a vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and bifurcating into the right and left pulmonary arteries.
Oesophagus
The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, about 25 cm (10 in) long in adults, which travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm and empties into the uppermost region of the stomach.
Left vagus nerve
lateral surface of the aortic arc
The left vagus nerve supplies the AV node, and its stimulation can produce a form of heart block.
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
wraps around the aortic arch to travel cranially on the surface of the trachea
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. There are two recurrent laryngeal nerves, right and left. The right and left nerves are not symmetrical, with the left nerve looping under the aortic arch, and the right nerve looping under the right subclavian artery then traveling upwards. They both travel alongside of the trachea.
left vagosympathetic trunk
The sympathetic trunk is a fundamental part of the sympathetic nervous system, and part of the autonomic nervous system. It allows nerve fibres to travel to spinal nerves that are superior and inferior to the one in which they originated. Also, a number of nerves, such as most of the splanchnic nerves, arise directly from the trunks
The cardiac rami of the vagus nerve
The superior cardiac branches (or cervical cardiac branches) of vagus nerve, two or three in number, arise from the vagus, at the upper and lower parts of the neck
