Appendicular skeleton: hind limb Flashcards
Bones of the hind limb
Pelvis Femur Patella Fabellae Tibia Fibula Tarsus Metatarsus Digits
Pelvis
Four bones fused (glued) together: 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis 4. Acetabular bone in some species (in the dog they simply converge in the acetabulum) • Pelvis articulates with sacrum (sacroiliac joint) and femur (hip joint) Sacroiliac joint Wing of ilium Obturator foramen Acetabular bone Ischial tuberosity (tuber ischia) Pubic symphysis
Bony landmarks of the pelvis
tuber sacrale, iliac tuberosity and ischial tuberosity
Ischium, ilium & pubis meet at the
small acetabular bone
Acetabulum
socket within the acetabular bone
Femur
- Thigh bone
- Long bone, similar in structure to the humerus (head, neck)
- Tubercles instead of trochanters: greater (lateral) and lesser (medial)
Femur joins tibia and fibula on stifle joint (less stable than the elbow)
• Lateral and medial condyles
• Between the femoral condyles = trochlear grove (gap for patella to sit)
Stifle joint
Femorotibial (patellar) joints • Three sesamoid (accessory) bones: patella and 2 fabellae
Patella
lies in the tendon of the quadriceps muscle (dorsal)
Fabellae
caudal aspect of the distal femur and are located in the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle
Ligaments of the stifle
medial and lateral meniscus
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
Cruciate ligaments
Tibia
- main weight bearing bone of the lower limb
• Articulates with the femur (=stifle)
Tibial tuberosity
= proximal enlarged part (insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle)
Fibula
- thin long bone, lateral to the tibia
Tarsus
7 short bones
• Proximally bones:
• Tibial tarsal or talus (sits medially)
• Fibular tarsal or calcaneus bone (os calcus) (sits laterally)
• The calcaneus has a large caudal projection called the tuber calcis (‘point’ of the hock)→Achilles tendon
• They articulate with the tibia & fibula as part of the hock
• Rest: central tarsal, I, II, III and IV metatarsal
Metatarsus
• ≈ to metacarpal bones but only 4 metatarsal bones (some breeds have a small metatarsal I forming the hind dew claw)
