Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vet Med Year 1 > Joints (axial) > Flashcards

Joints (axial) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of joints

A
  • Fibrous (synarthroses) Low
  • Cartilaginous (synchondroses/amphiarthroses)
  • Synovial (diarthroses)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fibrous: sutures

A 
No movement
• Bones joined by fibrous
material
• Found in the skull (fissure/suture lines)
• Ossify with age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Syndesmoses

A
  • Limited movement
  • Joined by ligaments
  • Example: splint bone-III Mtc bone in horses, radius-ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gomphosis

A
  • No movement
  • Joined by dental ligament
  • Example: tooth - socket
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

(may also be known as fibrocartilaginous joints or synchondroses)
• some movement (e.g. vertebrae)
• Little to no movement (e.g. pubic, mandibular symphysis, first sternocostal joint)
• Temporary (epiphyseal plates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synovial joints (diarthroses)

A
  • Found throughout the body
  • Highly mobile, termed diarthrosis
  • Specialised structures provide support to these joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Components of synovial joints

A
  1. Joint cavity enclosed by a joint capsule (filled with synovial fluid)
  2. Synovial membrane (inner part of the capsule)
  3. Articular cartilage (bone surface, hyaline)
  4. Fibrous layer of joint capsule
  5. Periosteum (outside of bone)
  6. Compact bone
    • Stabilisers : ligaments - fibrous connective tissue & menisci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the movement and an example of a synovial plane joint

A

Translation (sliding)

Intervertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the movement and an example of a synovial hinge ( ginglymus ) joint

A

Pendular

Metacarpophalangeal, elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the movement and an example of a synovial Pivot (peg in a ring) joint

A

Rotation

Atlantoaxial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the movement and an example of a synovial Condylar (condyles in the concave adjacent surfaces) joint

A

Flexion-extension and rotation

Stifle (femotibial), temporomandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the movement and an example of a synovial Ellipsoidal (ovoid in a cavity) joint

A

Flexion-extension Abduction- adduction

Radiocarpal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the movement and an example of a Saddle (mix of convex- concave surfaces) joint

A

Flexion-extension Abduction- adduction Rotation

Distal interphalangeal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the movement and an example of a Spheroidal (ball-and-socket) joint

A

Almost all types of movement

Coxofemoral joint, scapulohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibrous

A

:
• Sutures (skull bones)
• Syndesmoses(radius-ulna)
• Gomphosis (tooth socket)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cartilaginous

A

:

• Synchondroses (epiphyseal plates and hyoid apparatus) • Symphysis (mandible, pubic bones, intervertebral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Synovial:

A

the rest of the body (almost!):

• Seven types (according to movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Joints associated axial skeleton

A

Sutures

  1. Mandibular symphysis
  2. Synchondroses hyoid apparatus-skull
  3. Synovial temporomandibular joins (TMTJ)
  4. Synovial occipital bone and C1
  5. Cartilaginous intervertebral
  6. Vertebra to rib
  7. Rib to rib
  8. Rib to sternum (sternocostal) – Cart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main joints of the forelimb

A
  1. Shoulder
  2. Elbow
  3. Radio-ulna
  4. Radiocarpal
  5. Intercarpal
  6. Carpo-metacarpal
  7. Metacarpo-phalangeal
  8. Interphalangeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main joints of the hind limb

A
  1. Sacro-iliac joint
  2. Hip joint
  3. Femorotibial joint
  4. Tibia-fibula
  5. Tibiotarsal
  6. Intertarsal
  7. Tarso-metatarsal
  8. Metatarso-phalangeal
  9. Interphalangeal
21
Q

Sutures - name made with bones of cranium

A

Bones of cranium

Sutures (Fibrous)

22
Q

Mandibular symphysis

A

Left and right hemimandibles

Symphysis (cartilaginous)

23
Q

Temporohyoid

A

Temporal and stylohyoid (hyoid apparatus)

Synchondroses (cartilaginous)

24
Q

Temporomandibular (TMJ)

A

Temporal and mandible

Synovial

25
Q

Atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial

A

Atlas and occipital bone, atlas and axis

Synovial

26
Q

Intervertebral

A

Two vertebrae

Two types: cartilaginous (disc) and synovial (facets)

27
Q

Costovertebral

A

Rib to vertebra

Synovial

28
Q

Costochondral

A

Rib to rib (rib cartilage of previous rib)

Synchondroses (cartilaginous)

29
Q

Sternocostal

A

Sternebrae to ribs

Synchondroses (cartilaginous)

30
Q

Sacroiliac

A

Sacrum and ilium

Synovial

31
Q

Joints associated to axial skeleton

A
  • No joint with forelimb
  • Hindlimb:
  • Sacroiliac joint
  • Hip joint (described here to help you with your CBL cases but it is part of the hindlimb)
32
Q

Atlantooccipital

A

The atlantooccipital joint is the articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone. It consists of a pair of condyloid joints.

33
Q

atlantoaxial joints

A

The atlantoaxial joint is a joint in the upper part of the neck between the first and second cervical vertebrae; the atlas and axis. It is a pivot joint.

34
Q

Intervertebral (Cartilaginous) joint

A

The intervertebral joint consists of two adjacent vertebrae with a cushion in between. These fundamental intervertebral joint elements work together as a unit, and their purpose is to facilitate a movement of the spine

35
Q

Intervertebral (Synovial) joint

A

These joints are found between the superior and inferior facets of adjoining vertebral arches.

36
Q

Costovertebral (Synovial)

A

The costovertebral joints are the joints that connect the ribs to the vertebral column. The articulation of the head of the rib connects the head of the rib to the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae.

37
Q

Costochondral joint

A

The costochondral joints are the joints between the ribs and costal cartilage in the front of the rib cage

38
Q

Sternocostal (Cartilaginous) joints

A

The sternocostal joints also known as sternochondral joints (or costosternal articulations), are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum

39
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

The sacroiliac (SI) joint is located in the pelvis. It links the iliac bone (pelvis) to the sacrum (lowest part of the spine above the tailbone)

40
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

The sacrotuberous ligament is a slender, fan-shaped ligament of the posterior (back) pelvis located on either side of the body. This ligament arises midway down the posterior side of the sacrum, which is located at the spinal base.

41
Q

Hip joint (coxofemoral joint)

A 
Ball-and-socket, synovial
• Articular labrum around acetabulum
• Ligament of the femoral head
• Surprisingly simple!!
• Best accessed craniolateraly (for surgery)
• Luxation and dysplasia very common
42
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket

43
Q

Ligaments

A
  • Dorsal atlantoaxial ligament
  • Nuchal ligament -> supraspinous ligament
  • Interspinous ligament
  • Ventral longitudinal (vertebral) ligament
  • Intercapital ligament (heads of ribs)
  • Sacrotuberous ligament (already covered) • Hip joint ligaments (already covered)
44
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

The supraspinous ligament (supraspinal ligament) is a strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum

45
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

The interspinous ligaments (interspinal ligaments) are thin and membranous ligaments, that connect adjoining spinous processes of the vertebra in the spine. They extend from the root to the apex of each spinous process

46
Q

Other fibrous structures

A

Intervertebral disc

• Costochondral arch (costal arch) – cartilagineous part of the ribs

47
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Nucleus pulposus is the inner core of the vertebral disc. The core is composed of a jelly-like material that consists of mainly water, as well as a loose network of collagen fibers. The elastic inner structure allows the vertebral disc to withstand forces of compression and torsion.

48
Q

annulus fibrosus

A

the tough circular exterior of the intervertebral disc that surrounds the soft inner core, the nucleus pulposus. This outer portion is composed of a ring of ligament fibers that encases the inner core of the disc and securely connects the spinal vertebrae above and below the disc.

Vet Med Year 1 (131 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions