Joints (appendicular) Flashcards
Main joints of the forelimb
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Radio-ulnar
- Radiocarpal
- Intercarpal
- Carpo-metacarpal
- Metacarpo-phalangeal
- Interphalangeal
Scapulohumeral joint
Shoulder joint
lateral collateral ligament
is a thin band of tissue running along the outside of the knee. It connects the thighbone (femur) to the fibula
annular ligament (orbicular ligament)
is a strong band of fibers that encircles the head of the radius, and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.
medial glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)
runs oblique and posterior to the superior margin of the subscapularis muscle and blends with the anterior capsule. Distally it is attached to the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus, below the insertion of the superior glenohumeral ligament
Transverse Humeral Ligament
is a broad band passing from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus, and always limited to that portion of the bone which lies above the epiphysial line.
interosseous sacroiliac ligament
is a ligament of the sacroiliac joint that lies deep to the posterior ligament, and consists of a series of short, strong fibers connecting the tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium. It is the strongest ligament in the body.
lateral collateral ligament
is a thin band of tissue running along the outside of the knee. It connects the thighbone (femur) to the fibula,
oblique popliteal ligament
crosses the back of the knee joint. A fibrous band of tissue, this ligament is both broad and flat in shape. It originates as an extension of the semimembranosus muscle’s tendon
Palmar ulnocarpal ligament
palmar ulnocarpal ligament is a ligament of the wrist joint that attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the lunate and triquetral bones.
palmar ulnocarpal ligament
is a ligament of the wrist joint that attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the lunate and triquetral bones.
ulnar collateral ligament
a triangular ligament of the inner side of the elbow that connects the medial parts of the humerus with the ulna, helps to stabilize the elbow joint
accessoriometacarpal ligament [Pisimetacarpal]
extends from accessory carpal bone to the base of metacarpal bone.
In dogs, there is two accessoriometacarpal ligaments, originating from the enlarged rounded free end of the accessory carpal bone, and connected respectively to the metacarpal bones IV and V.
radial collateral ligament
is a short and narrow fibrous band, less distinct than the ulnar collateral, attached, above, to a depression below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus;
palmar radiocarpal ligament (anterior ligament, volar radiocarpal ligament)
is a broad membranous band, attached above to the distal end of the radius, to the scaphoid, lunate and the triquetrum of the carpal bones in the wrist. Some being continued to the capitate.
palmar intercarpal ligaments
are fibrous bands that extend transversely across the palmar surfaces of the carpal bones, connecting adjacent carpals.
Joints in the digits
Metacarpophalangeal joints
• Proximal interphalangeal joint (between P1 and P2) • Distal interphalangeal joint (between P2 and P3)
Inter-sesamoidean ligaments:
supporting ligaments, run between the two sesamoid bones
proximal interphalangeal joints (PIJ or PIP),
those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges
distal interphalangeal joints (DIJ or DIP),
those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges.
Main joints of the hind limb
Sacro-iliac joint
- Hip joint
- Femorotibial joint
- Tibia-fibula
- Tibiotarsal
- Intertarsal
- Tarso-metatarsal
- Metatarso-phalangeal
- Interphalangeal
Cranial cruciate ligament (intracapsular)
cranial cruciate ligament (known as the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, in humans) is one of several ligaments in the stifle (knee) that connect the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone).
caudal cruciate ligament
keeps the tibia from sliding too far caudally (backward) when the knee is flexed. It works in concert with the cranial cruciate to provide rotational stability to the joint.
medial meniscus and lateral meniscus
- are crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage attached to the shinbone (tibia). They act as shock absorbers and stabilize the knee. The medial meniscus is on the inner side of the knee joint. The lateral meniscus is on the outside of the knee.
long digital extensor muscle
is a spindle shaped muscle that originates proximally by means of a tendon from the extensor fossa of the lateral femoral condyle and more distally, at the level of the metatarsal bones
Extracapsular Ligaments
They function to hold the bones in place, provide stability, and prevent dislocation injuries
patellar ligament
is an extension of the quadriceps tendon. It extends from the patella, otherwise known as the kneecap
Medial collateral ligament (extracapsular)
They function to hold the bones in place, provide stability, and prevent dislocation injuries. For the knee, the extracapsular ligaments would connect the femur and the tibia.
The knee has two extracapsular ligaments. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is located on the inside, or medial, surface of the knee.
meniscofemoral ligament
(ligament of Humphry) is a small fibrous band of the knee joint. It arises from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and passes superiorly and medially in front of the posterior cruciate ligament to attach to the lateral surface of medial condyle of the femur.
Calcaneofibular ligament
the longest of the three three ligaments of the lateral ligament,, is a narrow, rounded cord, running from the apex of the fibular malleolus downward and slightly backward to a tubercle on the lateral surface of the calcaneus.
