Joints (appendicular)

Question 1

Main joints of the forelimb

Answer 1

1. Shoulder
2. Elbow
3. Radio-ulnar
4. Radiocarpal
5. Intercarpal
6. Carpo-metacarpal
7. Metacarpo-phalangeal
8. Interphalangeal

Question 2

Scapulohumeral joint

Answer 2

Shoulder joint

Question 3

lateral collateral ligament

Answer 3

is a thin band of tissue running along the outside of the knee. It connects the thighbone (femur) to the fibula

Question 4

annular ligament (orbicular ligament)

Answer 4

is a strong band of fibers that encircles the head of the radius, and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.

Question 5

medial glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)

Answer 5

runs oblique and posterior to the superior margin of the subscapularis muscle and blends with the anterior capsule. Distally it is attached to the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus, below the insertion of the superior glenohumeral ligament

Question 6

Transverse Humeral Ligament

Answer 6

is a broad band passing from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus, and always limited to that portion of the bone which lies above the epiphysial line.

Question 7

interosseous sacroiliac ligament

Answer 7

is a ligament of the sacroiliac joint that lies deep to the posterior ligament, and consists of a series of short, strong fibers connecting the tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium. It is the strongest ligament in the body.

Question 8

lateral collateral ligament

Answer 8

is a thin band of tissue running along the outside of the knee. It connects the thighbone (femur) to the fibula,

Question 9

oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 9

crosses the back of the knee joint. A fibrous band of tissue, this ligament is both broad and flat in shape. It originates as an extension of the semimembranosus muscle’s tendon

Question 10

Palmar ulnocarpal ligament

Answer 10

palmar ulnocarpal ligament is a ligament of the wrist joint that attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the lunate and triquetral bones.

Question 11

palmar ulnocarpal ligament

Answer 11

is a ligament of the wrist joint that attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the lunate and triquetral bones.

Question 12

ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 12

a triangular ligament of the inner side of the elbow that connects the medial parts of the humerus with the ulna, helps to stabilize the elbow joint

Question 13

accessoriometacarpal ligament [Pisimetacarpal]

Answer 13

extends from accessory carpal bone to the base of metacarpal bone.

In dogs, there is two accessoriometacarpal ligaments, originating from the enlarged rounded free end of the accessory carpal bone, and connected respectively to the metacarpal bones IV and V.

Question 14

radial collateral ligament

Answer 14

is a short and narrow fibrous band, less distinct than the ulnar collateral, attached, above, to a depression below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus;

Question 15

palmar radiocarpal ligament (anterior ligament, volar radiocarpal ligament)

Answer 15

is a broad membranous band, attached above to the distal end of the radius, to the scaphoid, lunate and the triquetrum of the carpal bones in the wrist. Some being continued to the capitate.

Question 16

palmar intercarpal ligaments

Answer 16

are fibrous bands that extend transversely across the palmar surfaces of the carpal bones, connecting adjacent carpals.

Question 17

Joints in the digits

Answer 17

Metacarpophalangeal joints

• Proximal interphalangeal joint (between P1 and P2) • Distal interphalangeal joint (between P2 and P3)

Question 18

Inter-sesamoidean ligaments:

Answer 18

supporting ligaments, run between the two sesamoid bones

Question 19

proximal interphalangeal joints (PIJ or PIP),

Answer 19

those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges

Question 20

distal interphalangeal joints (DIJ or DIP),

Answer 20

those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges.

Question 21

Main joints of the hind limb

Answer 21

Sacro-iliac joint

2. Hip joint
3. Femorotibial joint
4. Tibia-fibula
5. Tibiotarsal
6. Intertarsal
7. Tarso-metatarsal
8. Metatarso-phalangeal
9. Interphalangeal

Question 22

Cranial cruciate ligament (intracapsular)

Answer 22

cranial cruciate ligament (known as the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, in humans) is one of several ligaments in the stifle (knee) that connect the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone).

Question 23

caudal cruciate ligament

Answer 23

keeps the tibia from sliding too far caudally (backward) when the knee is flexed. It works in concert with the cranial cruciate to provide rotational stability to the joint.

Question 24

medial meniscus and lateral meniscus

Answer 24

• are crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage attached to the shinbone (tibia). They act as shock absorbers and stabilize the knee. The medial meniscus is on the inner side of the knee joint. The lateral meniscus is on the outside of the knee.

Question 25

long digital extensor muscle

Answer 25

is a spindle shaped muscle that originates proximally by means of a tendon from the extensor fossa of the lateral femoral condyle and more distally, at the level of the metatarsal bones

Question 26

Extracapsular Ligaments

Answer 26

They function to hold the bones in place, provide stability, and prevent dislocation injuries

Question 27

patellar ligament

Answer 27

is an extension of the quadriceps tendon. It extends from the patella, otherwise known as the kneecap

Question 28

Medial collateral ligament (extracapsular)

Answer 28

They function to hold the bones in place, provide stability, and prevent dislocation injuries. For the knee, the extracapsular ligaments would connect the femur and the tibia.

The knee has two extracapsular ligaments. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is located on the inside, or medial, surface of the knee.

Question 29

meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 29

(ligament of Humphry) is a small fibrous band of the knee joint. It arises from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and passes superiorly and medially in front of the posterior cruciate ligament to attach to the lateral surface of medial condyle of the femur.

Question 30

Calcaneofibular ligament

Answer 30

the longest of the three three ligaments of the lateral ligament,, is a narrow, rounded cord, running from the apex of the fibular malleolus downward and slightly backward to a tubercle on the lateral surface of the calcaneus.