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GI and Nutrition > High Yield > Flashcards

High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

The round ligament of Teres was embryonically?

A

Umbilical vein

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2
Q

The median umbilical fold houses what?

A

Obliterated urachus

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3
Q

The medial umbilical fold houses?

A

Obliterated umbilical arteries

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4
Q

Lateral umbilical folds house what?

A

Inferior epigastric arteries

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5
Q

The umbilical area lies at what dermatome?

A

T10

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6
Q

What dermatome is the epigastrium at?

A

T7-9

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7
Q

What dermatome is the inguinal ligament at?

A

L1

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8
Q

What is a minor duodenal papilla secrete?

A

Pancreatic juices

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9
Q

Major duodenal papilla secretes?

A

Bile and pancreatic juices

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10
Q

What are the two types of ectopic tissues contained within a Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

Stomach and pancreatic

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11
Q

What is Murphy’s Sign?

A

Under the right costal margin - shows inflammed gall bladder

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12
Q

Parasympathetic innervation is coordinated by what two areas?

A

Vagus nerve - foregut and midgut Pelvic splanchnic - hindgut

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13
Q

What part of the duodenum is derived from foregut?

A

First and second

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14
Q

What organs are derived from foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A
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15
Q

What is the distribution of the femoral nerve?

A

anterior thigh muscle

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16
Q

Describe the innervation of the adrenal gland.

A

No parasympathetic

Sym - pre gang to medulla secrete adrenalin

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of gastric lymphoma and GIST?

A
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18
Q

What are the characteristics of carcinoid tumor?

A

Clinically - facial flushing and tricuspid insufficiency

Secretion of serotonin and biogenic amines

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19
Q

What is a good biomarker for colonic cancer for follow up but not diagnosis?

A

CEA

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20
Q

What is secreted by carcinoid tumors?

A

POLYPEPTIDE biogenic amine

not steroidal

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21
Q

Cirrhosis can lead to what results?

A

Decreased albumin

Esophageal varicies

Decreased degradation of estrogen

decreased breakdown of ammonia

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

AMA+

Lymphocytic cholangitis

Chronic bile duct disease

Women 90% of time

Increased alk phos and GGT

Florid duct

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma

Men more than women

P-ANCA

Associated with UC

24
Q

What are the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Associated with PSC and thorotrast exposure

Adenocarcinoma - gland forming

25
Q

Aflatoxin B puts a person at increased risk for what?

A

HCC

26
Q

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is most often associated with what genetic mutation?

A

KRAS

27
Q

HCC is most commonly associated with what genetic mutation?

A

B-catenin

28
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with what exposure?

A

Thorotrast

29
Q

Hep B has what type of transmission?

A

Vertical or blood

30
Q

What is the most common risk for HepC?

A

IV droogs

31
Q

Most common exposure for HepA?

A

Shellfish and fecal oral route

32
Q

What bacteria is on poultry?

A

Salmonella

33
Q

Taking a ton of asprin can put a person at risk for what?

A

Acute gastritis - PGE2 inhibitor

34
Q

Lower 1/3rd of esophagus and associated GERD

A

Adenocarcinoma

35
Q

Drinking and smoking associated with upper part of esophagus?

A

Squamous

36
Q

What is type of person to be affected by hepatic adenoma?

A

Young women using oral contraceptives

37
Q

Exposure to what can yield angiosarcoma?

A

Vinyl chloride and thorotrast

38
Q

What does the urorectal septum do?

A

Divides the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and primitave “something”

39
Q

Mallory bodies are derived from what?

A

Keratin intermediate filaments

40
Q

Meissners plexus in the submucosa is in charge of what?

A

Luminal size and blood flow

41
Q

Auerbachs plexus is in charge of what?

A

Peristalsis - ME

42
Q

What are the characteristics of Sjorgerns syndrome?

A

Positive ANA and failure to reabsorb Na

43
Q

What is the regulator of salivary secretions?

A

Autonomic nervous system

44
Q

Left testicular vein drains into where?

A

Left renal vein

45
Q

Right testicular vein drains into where?

A

IVC

46
Q

Kufper cells come from where?

A

Mesoderm

47
Q

What is the normal rotation of the midgut?

A

270 degrees counterclockwise

48
Q

What sugar isnt sodium dependent?

A

Fructose

49
Q

Saliva is what to plasma?

A

Hypotonic

50
Q

What accounts for the LES state?

A

Tonic contraction due to intrinsic properties

51
Q

Ileal inflammation leads to?

A

Decreased absorption of B12, fat and bile acid

52
Q

Acid reflux can do what to the esophagus?

A

Secondary peristaltic contractions

53
Q

What is the sodium-glucose transporter in the intestine?

A

SGLT1

54
Q

Removal of the gut flora can do what?

A

Increase blood nitrogen

55
Q

Intrinsic factor binds to B12 where?

A

Duodenum

56
Q

What happens in dumping syndrome?

A

Too quick of release of contents from stomach - rapid insulin release and hypoglycemia

57
Q

Lack of pancreatic lipase will have what affect?

A

Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Steatorrhea

GI and Nutrition (57 decks)

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