2.4.1 Colorectal Tumors Flashcards
What is the main risk factor for GI lymphoma?
H. Pylori
What are the various indicators of colorectal carcinomas in right colon? left?
Right - bleeding, anemia
Left - changing bowel habits, constipation, occult bleeding
What this be?
Hyperplastic polyp
What are the three types of neoplastic polyps?
- tubular adenoma
- villous adenoma
- tubulovillous adenoma
What this be?
Adenocarcinoma
Tumor of the GI system composed of stromal stem cells which express mutated c-kit or PDGFRA linked to tyrosine kinase
GI stromal tumor (GIST)
What type of course does colorectal carcinoma follow?
Insidious - asymptomatic for years
What this be?
GIST
What this be on brown stain?
GIST stained for c-kit
What this be?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common site of benign and malignant tumors
Colon
Describe the process leading to intestinal carcinomas
What is the best way to prevent colon cancer?
Early detection and removal of polyps
Where does colorectal cancer rank among GI malignant tumors?
Most common
What this be?
Adenomatous epithelium
What are some of the adenomatous polyposis syndromes?
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
Attenuated FAP (fewer polyps, right colon)
Gardener syndrome (FAP + osteomas, fibromas, epidermal cysts)
Turcot syndrome (FAP + brain tumors)
What this be?
Hamartomatous polyp of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
What is secreted by carcinoid tumors?
Polypeptide hormones and biogenic amines
What are the approx. 5 year survival for the various stages of colorectal carcinoma?
Stage 1 - 85%
Stage 2 - 65%
Stage 3 - 35%
Stage 4 - 15%
What this be?
Polyp seen on colonoscopy
Is GIST benign or malignant?
Can be either
What are some of the various classifications of colorectal cancers? Most common?
Most common: epithelial
What is the most common type of adenomatous polyp?
Tubular adenoma (usually small and pedunculated), < 1cm
an abnormal outgrowth protruding into the lumen of the intestine
Polyp
What is the incidence and death of colorectal cancer?
Incidence: 150,000
Death: 50,000
What this be?
Villous adenoma
What this be?
GIST - spindle cell tumor
What this be?
FAP
What is the most common site of extranodal lymphoma?
GI
What this be?
Carcinoid
What do adenocarcinomas originate from?
Polyps - tubular or villous
What is the most common location of carcinoid tumors?
Small intestine, low grade - size matters!
< 2 cm - “too good” to be true
What this be?
Maltoma
What are the three types of treatment available?
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Describe the two sides?
Answer these
What this be?
Adenocarcinoma of the R colon
How often do the two types of adenomatous polyps undergo malignant transformation?
Villous - 40%
Tubular - 2-3%
SIZE MATTERS!!
Neuroendocrine tumor most often located in GI and respiratory tract
Carcinoid
What substance can be recognized within the blood that is produced by colorectal carcinomas?
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
GI lymphoma are also known as what?
MALTomas
Most common site of GI lymphoma?
Stomach
Identify these four types of tissue
What this be? What is a common complication?
Polyp - pedunculated; Ripping off leading to bloody stools.
What are the two types of non-neoplastic polyps?
- Hyperplastic
- Hamartomatous polyps (tumor-like condition in which cells are arregrated in an abnormal manner)
Stage these tumors, yo
Describe villous adenomatous polyps.
Larger and sessile, may be combine tubulovillous
Less common
