2.4.1 Colorectal Tumors

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the main risk factor for GI lymphoma?

Answer 2

H. Pylori

Question 3

What are the various indicators of colorectal carcinomas in right colon? left?

Answer 3

Right - bleeding, anemia

Left - changing bowel habits, constipation, occult bleeding

Question 4

What this be?

Answer 4

Hyperplastic polyp

Question 5

What are the three types of neoplastic polyps?

Answer 5

1. tubular adenoma
2. villous adenoma
3. tubulovillous adenoma

Question 6

What this be?

Answer 6

Adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Tumor of the GI system composed of stromal stem cells which express mutated c-kit or PDGFRA linked to tyrosine kinase

Answer 7

GI stromal tumor (GIST)

Question 8

What type of course does colorectal carcinoma follow?

Answer 8

Insidious - asymptomatic for years

Question 9

What this be?

Answer 9

GIST

Question 10

What this be on brown stain?

Answer 10

GIST stained for c-kit

Question 11

What this be?

Answer 11

Adenocarcinoma

Question 12

Most common site of benign and malignant tumors

Answer 12

Colon

Question 13

Describe the process leading to intestinal carcinomas

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the best way to prevent colon cancer?

Answer 14

Early detection and removal of polyps

Question 15

Where does colorectal cancer rank among GI malignant tumors?

Answer 15

Most common

Question 16

What this be?

Answer 16

Adenomatous epithelium

Question 17

What are some of the adenomatous polyposis syndromes?

Answer 17

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Attenuated FAP (fewer polyps, right colon)

Gardener syndrome (FAP + osteomas, fibromas, epidermal cysts)

Turcot syndrome (FAP + brain tumors)

Question 18

What this be?

Answer 18

Hamartomatous polyp of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Question 19

What is secreted by carcinoid tumors?

Answer 19

Polypeptide hormones and biogenic amines

Question 20

What are the approx. 5 year survival for the various stages of colorectal carcinoma?

Answer 20

Stage 1 - 85%

Stage 2 - 65%

Stage 3 - 35%

Stage 4 - 15%

Question 21

What this be?

Answer 21

Polyp seen on colonoscopy

Question 22

Is GIST benign or malignant?

Answer 22

Can be either

Question 23

What are some of the various classifications of colorectal cancers? Most common?

Answer 23

Most common: epithelial

Question 24

What is the most common type of adenomatous polyp?

Answer 24

Tubular adenoma (usually small and pedunculated), < 1cm

Question 25

an abnormal outgrowth protruding into the lumen of the intestine

Answer 25

Polyp

Question 26

What is the incidence and death of colorectal cancer?

Answer 26

Incidence: 150,000 Death: 50,000

Question 27

What this be?

Answer 27

Villous adenoma

Question 28

What this be?

Answer 28

GIST - spindle cell tumor

Question 29

What this be?

Answer 29

FAP

Question 30

What is the most common site of extranodal lymphoma?

Answer 30

GI

Question 31

What this be?

Answer 31

Carcinoid

Question 32

What do adenocarcinomas originate from?

Answer 32

Polyps - tubular or villous

Question 33

What is the most common location of carcinoid tumors?

Answer 33

Small intestine, low grade - size matters! \< 2 cm - "too good" to be true

Question 34

What this be?

Answer 34

Maltoma

Question 35

What are the three types of treatment available?

Answer 35

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation

Question 36

Describe the two sides?

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer these

Answer 37

Question 38

What this be?

Answer 38

Adenocarcinoma of the R colon

Question 39

How often do the two types of adenomatous polyps undergo malignant transformation?

Answer 39

Villous - 40% Tubular - 2-3% SIZE MATTERS!!

Question 40

Neuroendocrine tumor most often located in GI and respiratory tract

Answer 40

Carcinoid

Question 41

What substance can be recognized within the blood that is produced by colorectal carcinomas?

Answer 41

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 42

GI lymphoma are also known as what?

Answer 42

MALTomas

Question 43

Most common site of GI lymphoma?

Answer 43

Stomach

Question 44

Identify these four types of tissue

Answer 44

Question 45

What this be? What is a common complication?

Answer 45

Polyp - pedunculated; Ripping off leading to bloody stools.

Question 46

What are the two types of non-neoplastic polyps?

Answer 46

1. Hyperplastic 2. Hamartomatous polyps (tumor-like condition in which cells are arregrated in an abnormal manner)

Question 47

Stage these tumors, yo

Answer 47

Question 48

Describe villous adenomatous polyps.

Answer 48

Larger and sessile, may be combine tubulovillous Less common