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GI and Nutrition > 2.4.1 Colorectal Tumors > Flashcards

2.4.1 Colorectal Tumors Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the main risk factor for GI lymphoma?

A

H. Pylori

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3
Q

What are the various indicators of colorectal carcinomas in right colon? left?

A

Right - bleeding, anemia

Left - changing bowel habits, constipation, occult bleeding

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4
Q

What this be?

A

Hyperplastic polyp

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5
Q

What are the three types of neoplastic polyps?

A
  1. tubular adenoma
  2. villous adenoma
  3. tubulovillous adenoma
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6
Q

What this be?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Tumor of the GI system composed of stromal stem cells which express mutated c-kit or PDGFRA linked to tyrosine kinase

A

GI stromal tumor (GIST)

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8
Q

What type of course does colorectal carcinoma follow?

A

Insidious - asymptomatic for years

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9
Q

What this be?

A

GIST

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10
Q

What this be on brown stain?

A

GIST stained for c-kit

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11
Q

What this be?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

Most common site of benign and malignant tumors

A

Colon

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13
Q

Describe the process leading to intestinal carcinomas

A
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14
Q

What is the best way to prevent colon cancer?

A

Early detection and removal of polyps

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15
Q

Where does colorectal cancer rank among GI malignant tumors?

A

Most common

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16
Q

What this be?

A

Adenomatous epithelium

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17
Q

What are some of the adenomatous polyposis syndromes?

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Attenuated FAP (fewer polyps, right colon)

Gardener syndrome (FAP + osteomas, fibromas, epidermal cysts)

Turcot syndrome (FAP + brain tumors)

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18
Q

What this be?

A

Hamartomatous polyp of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

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19
Q

What is secreted by carcinoid tumors?

A

Polypeptide hormones and biogenic amines

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20
Q

What are the approx. 5 year survival for the various stages of colorectal carcinoma?

A

Stage 1 - 85%

Stage 2 - 65%

Stage 3 - 35%

Stage 4 - 15%

21
Q

What this be?

A

Polyp seen on colonoscopy

22
Q

Is GIST benign or malignant?

A

Can be either

23
Q

What are some of the various classifications of colorectal cancers? Most common?

A

Most common: epithelial

24
Q

What is the most common type of adenomatous polyp?

A

Tubular adenoma (usually small and pedunculated), < 1cm

25
Q

an abnormal outgrowth protruding into the lumen of the intestine

A

Polyp

26
Q

What is the incidence and death of colorectal cancer?

A

Incidence: 150,000

Death: 50,000

27
Q

What this be?

A

Villous adenoma

28
Q

What this be?

A

GIST - spindle cell tumor

29
Q

What this be?

A

FAP

30
Q

What is the most common site of extranodal lymphoma?

A

GI

31
Q

What this be?

A

Carcinoid

32
Q

What do adenocarcinomas originate from?

A

Polyps - tubular or villous

33
Q

What is the most common location of carcinoid tumors?

A

Small intestine, low grade - size matters!

< 2 cm - “too good” to be true

34
Q

What this be?

A

Maltoma

35
Q

What are the three types of treatment available?

A

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation

36
Q

Describe the two sides?

A
37
Q

Answer these

A
38
Q

What this be?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the R colon

39
Q

How often do the two types of adenomatous polyps undergo malignant transformation?

A

Villous - 40%

Tubular - 2-3%

SIZE MATTERS!!

40
Q

Neuroendocrine tumor most often located in GI and respiratory tract

A

Carcinoid

41
Q

What substance can be recognized within the blood that is produced by colorectal carcinomas?

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

42
Q

GI lymphoma are also known as what?

A

MALTomas

43
Q

Most common site of GI lymphoma?

A

Stomach

44
Q

Identify these four types of tissue

A
45
Q

What this be? What is a common complication?

A

Polyp - pedunculated; Ripping off leading to bloody stools.

46
Q

What are the two types of non-neoplastic polyps?

A
  1. Hyperplastic
  2. Hamartomatous polyps (tumor-like condition in which cells are arregrated in an abnormal manner)
47
Q

Stage these tumors, yo

A
48
Q

Describe villous adenomatous polyps.

A

Larger and sessile, may be combine tubulovillous

Less common

GI and Nutrition (57 decks)

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