2.2.1 Pathology of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency Flashcards
Kwashiorkor can lead to puffy appearance why is this?
Edema due to loss of protein
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency can lead to?
Attacks nerves, heart and brain
Dry beriberi (polyneuropathy) - classically presents with toe, foot and wrist drop
Wet beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
What are the characteristics of riboflavin?
Niacin deficiency can cause what?
The 3 D’s
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
What are the two protein compartments?
Somatic protein
Visceral protein
What are the characteristics of Vitamin A?
What are the characteristics of secondary protein-energy malnutrition?
Increased basal metabolic rate
Cachexia - usually in end stage disease - depletion of subQ fat
What is Marasmus?
Deficiency of total food intake
Compare anorexia nervosa and bulimia
What are the characteristics of B-complex vitamins?
What are the characteristics of Vitamin A Toxicity?
What are the water soluble vitamins?
Vitamin C and B
How do Marasmus and Kwashiorkor? (Compare table)
Draw a compare and contrast for function of Vitamin A and deficiency?
Functions - differentiation of epithelial cells - maintain respiratory epithelium, urothelium, and healthy epidermis; Enhances immune response
Deficiency - predisposes to pulmonary infections - hyperplasia and hyperkeratinization
KNOW THE EYE CHANGES
Marasmus and Kwashiorkor both can lead to what?
Stunted growth
Anemia
Infections and defects in immunity
Multi-vitamins
What is protein-energy malnutrition?
Inadequate intake of protein and calories to meed bodies needs
Associated with diarrhea
What are the characteristics of Vitamin K?
Required for the functional activity of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and protein C/S
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A, D, E, and K
What is going to occur with a vitamin K deficiency?
Bleeding
What is Kwashiorkor?
Deficiency of protein intake
Babies who are weaned early and then fed exclusively carbohydrate diet
Less severe forms: diarrhea, protein losing enteropathies, nephrotic syndrome
What are the functions, sources, and deficiency of Vitamin E?
What is the function and deficiency in Vitamin C?
Functions - normal collagen
Deficiency - scurvy
Make a compare and contrast of Vitamin D function and deficiency
What are the important characteristics of folate?
Folate is required in pregnancy!
Can predispose to neural tube defects
What could be a result of Hypervitamin D?
Hypercalcemia, metastatic calcification, and bone pain
Who is at risk for developing beriberi?
Alcoholics
Pregnant w/ vomiting
Impaired appetite
Extended IV glucose therapy w/o supplemental vitamins
Compare a deficiency in Vitamin D to Vitamin C?
Individuals with anorexia or bulimia are prone to?
Hypokalemia - increased risk for arrythmia
What is Carotenemia?
Usually from eating too many carrots or “sun-tanning” pills
Yellow orange skin
What are the characteristics of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
