1.1.1 Anterior Abdominal Wall and Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
What lies superficial to the muscles?
Skin
Superficial fascia
What are the characteristics of an inguinal hernia?
What is the location of the 8 plane lines that are important to know?
What lies deep to the abdominal muscles?
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Peritoneum
What is the pelvic inlet?
The imaginary line between the bony structures of the pelvis and sacrum
What are peritoneal adhesions?
These can be caused by peritoneum infection, inflammation or surgery
Healing of above processes causes fibrous tissue to form between visceral peritoneum or between visceral and parietal peritoneum
Adhesions limits normal gut movement of viscera, causing abdominal pain, gut twisting or volvulus
Severe cases may need surgical intervention
Try to not damage the peritoneum when your hands or instruments are in peritoneal cavity
What are the contents of the inguinal canal?
Male - spermatic cord all go into scrotum
Female - Round ligament to uterus
Two nerves - Ilioinguinal (sensory) and genital branch (motor) of the genitofemoral nerve
What are the important peritoneal ligaments within the abdomen?
Revisit this slide after the abdominal organs have been covered
What are the covered structures above the arcuate line?
Answer this
D - Skin
Superficial fascia
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominal muscle
Transversalis fasica
Extraperitoneal fat
partietal peritoneum
Dermatomes are said to do what?
Overlap each other
What are the important arteries of the anterior abdominal wall?
Know where they come from
What is the Linea alba?
Slight indentation that can be observed at the midline
Fibrous raphe where aponeuroses of external and internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles on either side unite
What organs lie in the Right Upper Quadrant?
What are the 3 important peritoneal recesses? Which one is female specific?
Hepatorenal pouch (of Morrison)
Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas [female])
Left and right paracolic gutters
Describe the relationship between the camper’s fascia and the scarpa fascia
What is the reason for peritoneal dialysis?
This can help renal failure patients
What are the inguinal ring boundary?
What is caput medusa?
What is an intraperitoneal injection?
An injection into the peritoneal cavity that should be absorbed rapidly
What is the semilunar line?
Vertical indentation seen as curved line from tip of 9th rib cartilage to pubic tubercle on each side in well-muscled individuals
Represents lateral edge of rectus abdominis muscle
What are the structures below the arcuate line?
What are the characteristics of the parietal peritoneum?
Served by the same blood, lymphatics, and nerves in the reguin that it is adjacent to. It is sensitive to all general somatic sensations. Pain of this is well localized
What are the 7 to 9 layers of the abdominal wall?
The testis was located where and travels to where during development?
It was located in the abdominal wall and transverses outside the peritoneal cavity
What is the arcuate line?
What organs lie in the right lower quadrant?
What are the two parts of the lesser olmentum?
Hepatogastric ligament and the hepatoduodenal ligament
What lines divide the 4 quadrants?
Make a chart of the arteries of the anterior abdominal wall?
What are the characteristics of the visceral peritoneum? (pain)
Served by the same blood, lymph, and nerves as the organ it covers. Pain is poorly localized and is felt all over the body systems
Does the peritoneal cavity contain organs?
NO!
Describe the contents of the abdominal cavity?
What vessels run between the transversalis fascia and the rectus abdominis muscle?
External iliac vessels
(Let me know if this is wrong not 100% sure about this)
What is peritonitis?
Infection or inflammation of the peritoneum. It can result from traumatic penetration or rupture of abdominopelvic organs
Gas, fecal matter, and bacteria can enter peritoneal cavity
Exudate fills cavity
Pain, fever, gas under diaphragm when standing paralyzed bowel movements (NO SOUND)
The transpyloric plane transects what? What vertebrae does it pass through?
The pylorus in supine or prone position
Passes through L1
Make a table differentiating a direct and indirect inguinal hernia? (Predisposing factors, Frequency, Exit from abdominal cavity, Course, Exit from abdominal wall)
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
What is an abdominal paracentesis?
Surgical pencture of the peritoneal cavity for the aspiration or drainage of fluid
Avoid blood vessels and structures on the anteriolateral abdominal wall
If small quantity is removed, this is typically for diagnostic reasons. Therapeutic paracentesis refers to the removal of 5 liters or more of fluid to reduce intra abdominal pressure
What is the difference between the Lesser sac and the greater sac?
Lesser - the space posterior to lesser omentum and stomach
Greater - The main and larger part of peritoneal cavity
What are the main ligaments in the anterior abdominal wall above and the main folds below the umbilicus?
What are the functions of the greater olmentum?
What is ascites?
Excess fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity
Results from internal bleeding, portal hypertension, cancer metastasis, starvation, etc.
Peritoneal cavity distended with several liters of fluid
Respiration and bowel movements are affected
What are the abdominal structures formed by pertioneum?
What is the location and characteristics of the rectus abdominus?
What are some other locations of abdominal hernias?
What are the characteristics of the mesenteries and what are three examples?
Make a table of the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
What are the important blood vessels of the anterior abdominal wall (Veins)?
The transumbilical plane is located at what vertebral disc?
In between L3 and L4
What is the difference between the greater olmentum and lesser olmentum?
Who is most likely to develop a hernia?
Men are eight times more likely to develop a hernia than females
What are the important surface anatomy landmarks that are covered in this picture?
What are the 4 peritoneal folds?
Median umbilical fold
Medial umbilical folds
Falciform ligament
Lateral umbilical folds
Describe the relationship between the abdominal organs and the peritoneum? (Difference between intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and mesentary)
What organs lie in the left upper quadrant?
The round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres) was what before birth?
It was the umbilical vein
The deep inguinal ring is lateral to what?
Inferior epigastric artery and vein
What organs lie in the LLQ?
Know the location of the peritoneal cavity
What are the characteristics and location of the inguinal ligament?
What is the difference between a direct and indirect hernia?
Direct - tends of affect older men
Indirect - tends to affect younger boys
What is the location and characteristics of the transverse abdominus muscle?
What are the important dematomes in the anterior abdominal wall?
What is important about the location of the scarpa fascia and the arcuate line?
Scarpa’s fascia - Beginning of about 2/3 of distance between imbilicus and pubic crest
Arcuate line - occurs about 1/2 of the distance from the umbilicus to the pubic crest
Describe the pathology associated with omental bursa?
Fluid accumulation - due to perforation of stomach on posterior wall
Small intestine in omental bursa - uncommon but can be strangulated
Compress on anterior wall - can stop blood flow to liver
What are the 5 vertical and abdominal lines and what are the 5 horizontal lines?
What are main points of incisions in abdominal surgeries?
What is the peritoneal cavity?
An empty sac with small amount of fluid
What are the important muscles in the anterior abdominal wall?
