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GI and Nutrition > 2.3.1 Retroperitoneum and Kidneys > Flashcards

2.3.1 Retroperitoneum and Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the lumbosacral trunk orginate? Lumbar plexus?

A

Lumbosacral trunk: (L4,5)

Lumbar plexus (L1-4)

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2
Q

What is a renal calculi? Lifetime likelihood in men and women

A

Kidney stone

Lifetime likelihood: men (19%), women (9%)

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3
Q

Red arrow and what is it vertebral column?(hint: might be joined with ilioinguinal nerve)

A

Iliohypogastric (L1)

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4
Q

Where are the kidneys located relative to the vertabrae?

A

T12-L3

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5
Q

Three anatomical locations where kidney stones can lodge

A
  1. Orgin from renal pelvis
  2. When crosses anteriorly over the iliac vessels
  3. Through bladder wall
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6
Q

How many arteries typically feed the adrenal gland?

A

3 (sup, mid, inf) suprarenal arteries

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7
Q

Where does the vein of each adrenal gland drain?

A

Right: drains into IVC

Left: drains into left renal vein

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8
Q

What is the major organ that touches the L kidney and not the R?

A

The pancreas

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9
Q

What is the vein of the adrenal gland?

A

Suprarenal vein

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10
Q

Does the adrenal gland receive parasympathetic innervation?

A

NO

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11
Q

What are the four renal structures?

A

Renal capsule, Renal hilum, Renal sinus, Renal pelvis

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12
Q

Red arrow?

A

Obdurator nerve (L2,3,4)

Runs DEEP, medial border psoas

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13
Q

What is the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia and its location?

A

Bochdalek hernia; Back and to the left

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14
Q

What organ touches the R kidney that doesn’t touch the L kidney?

A

The Liver, duh

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15
Q

What is the standard kidney length?

A

Three vertabrae long

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16
Q

What does the genirofemoral nerve branch into?

A

Genital branch

Femoral branch: skin over femoral triangle

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17
Q

What this be?

A

Kidney with a benign cyst

18
Q

What encloses the adrenal gland?

A

Gerota’s fascia

19
Q

Red arrow?

A

Lumbosacral trunk (L4,5)

Location: Runs DEEP and MEDIAL to Psoas and Obdurator nerve, Joins S1 of sacral plexus

20
Q

Red arrow?

A

Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

Runs just lateral to psoas muscles

21
Q

Where are horse-shoe kidneys typically found?

A

Around the lower lumbar vertebrae, since its ascent is prevented by the root of the inferior mesenteric artery

Typically horse-shoe kidneys are benign and undiagnosed

22
Q

What are the three main posterior abdominal muscles and some of their characteristics?

A

Quadratus Lumborum, Psoas (insert on Lesser Trochanter), Iliacus

23
Q

Where is referred pain from the diaphragm felt?

A

Shoulder region (C3-C5)

24
Q

Red arrow?

A

Genitofemoral nerve (L1,2)

Runs on the anterior surface of psoas muscle

25
Q

How frequent are congential diaphragmatic hernias?

A

1 in 2,500 newborns

26
Q
A
27
Q

The perirenal and pararenal spaces open inferiorly a pathway for what?

A

A pathway for pus to travel retroperitoneally to pelvis

28
Q

Red arrow?

A

Subcostal nerve (T12)

29
Q

Nerves you need to know

A

The bolded

30
Q

Identify these two spaces around the kidney.

A

Blue arrow: perirenal space

Black arrow: pararenal space

31
Q

Red arrow?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous (of the thigh) (L2-3)

32
Q

Identify these 3 nerves

A
33
Q

Where does the adrenal gland sit relative to the vertabrae?

A

T12-L1

34
Q

Describe the shapes of the adrenal glands?

A

Right: Pyramidal

Left: Crescent

35
Q

What is lateral femoral cutaneous syndrome?

A

Mononeuropathy presenting variably as pain, numbness, tingling, burning or itching in anterolateral thigh. Multiple possible factors: compression (obesity, seltbelt trauma, tight belt/pants), endocrine/metabolic (alcoholism, diabetes), interventional outcome, ascites

36
Q

How is the obdurator nerve distributed motorly?

A

Adductor muscles of thigh

37
Q

What is the name for the fascia that surrounds the kidneys?

A

Renal (Gerota’s) fascia

38
Q

Name the 3 openings in the diaphragm and their vertebral level.

A

IVC: T8

Esophagus: T10

Aorta: T12

39
Q

Red arrow? (hint: iliohypogastic may be joined with this nerve)

A

Ilioinguinal (L1)

40
Q

What cuts across the left renal vein?

A

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

41
Q

What are the main innervators of the kidneys?

A

lesser splanchnic, least splanchnic, lumbar splanchnic (T10-L1)

42
Q

If you cut the phrenic, how would the diaphragm be affected?

A

Paralysis of diaphragm

GI and Nutrition (57 decks)

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