1.2.2 GI Tract Organs II Flashcards
How do the circular folds of the jejunum compare to the ileum?
J - Large, tall and closely packed
I - Low and sparse; absent in the distal part
What is Ileus?
A small bowl motility disorder that mimics obstruction
Paralytic Ileus - most common
No peristalsis
What are the portions of the large intestine?
What is the order by which food would pass through the GI tract?
Mouth ⇒ pharynx - esophagus - stomach - small intestine (D, J, I) - large intestine - anal canal
What is appendicitis and appendectomy?
What is the difference between colectomy, ileostomy, and colostomy?
What is a colonoscopy?
The jejunum is located primarily in what quadrant?
The upper left
What is the dentate (pectinate line)?
Comb shaped line that divides superior anal canal and inferior anal canal
Where is the main nerve supply of the J and I?
T10 - pain will be perceived at paraumbilical region
What is Ileal meckels diverticulum?
Most common congenital anomaly of gue
May contain 2 ectopic tissue - stomach mucosa and pancreatic
Bleeding (especially consider for GI bleeding in children less than 2 yo)
When inflammed pain can mimic appendicitis
How does the vasa recta of the jejunum compare to the ileum?
J - Long
I - short
What provides the blood supply to the jejunum and ileum?
superior mesenteric artery gives off to the left 15-18 branches of mesenteric arteries
What are omental appendices?
Small fatty omentum - like projections
What is the lymphatic drainage above and below the pectinate line?
Above - internal iliac lymph nodes
Below - inguinal lymph nodes
The ileum is primarily in what quadrant?
Lower right
Where is the veriform appendix located?
McBurney’s point
How do the plicae compare between the jejunum and ileum?
J - abundant plicae and deeper folds
I - few plicae and smoother wall
What is the gastrocolic ligament?
The portion of the greater omentum spanning between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon
What are hemorrhoids?
What is the veriform appendix?
A blind intestinal diverculum off cecum
What vein collects from the jejunum and ileum?
Superior mesenteric vein collects blood to the hepatic portal vein
What is Haustra?
Saccular protrusions between transverse folds
Cecum is considered what?
Intraperitoneal - meaning no mesentery
The start of the duodenojejunal junction is also known as?
Ligament of Treitz
What level does the sigmoid colon become the rectum?
S3
What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal? Retroperitoneal?
Intra - Cecum, Transverse, Sigmoid
Retro - Ascending, Descending and rectum/anal canal
Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage differences above and below the pectinate line.
Above - IMA (art) and portal vein (venous)
Below - Internal iliac artery and inferior vena cava
How does the wall of the jejunum compare to the Ileum?
J - Thick and heavy
I - Thin and light
What is diverticulosis?
Describe the nerve innervation and epithelial coverage above and below the pectinate line
Above - visceral (nerve) and columnar epithelium
Below - somatic (nerve) and keratinized
What is this an image of?
Intussusception
What is a volvulus?
A loop of bowel and mesentary abnormally twisted on itself
How do the arcades in the jejunum compare to the ileum?
J - A few large loops
I - Many short loops
What is the mesentary?
Fan-shaped peritoneal fold that attaches jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall
What are anal fissures and perianal abscesses?
What are Taenia coli?
Three longitudinal muscle bands - not present in appendix and rectum
What is Intussusception?
A part of the intestins has invaginated into another section of intestine. The part that prolapses into the other is usually called the intussusceptum.
