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GI and Nutrition > 2.5.1 GI Development > Flashcards

2.5.1 GI Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the anal canal?

A

Hindgut endoderm

— pecinate line —

Anal pit ectoderm

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2
Q

What acts as the axis of the first primary loop of the midgut?

A

SMA

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3
Q

What are the hindgut derived GI segments?

A
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4
Q

Differental growth causes expansion of the stomach into what?

A

Dorsal mesentary

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5
Q

What are the 6 midgut derived organs?

A
  1. Distal half (3rd and 4th) of the duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
  4. Cecum and appendix
  5. Ascending colon
  6. Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
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6
Q

What two extraembryonic structures provide additional features the the primitive gut tube?

A

yolk sac and allantois

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7
Q

What does the SMA supply blood to?

A

Midgut and its derivative organs

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8
Q

The ventral mesentary forms from the lower portion of the septum transversum. What structures will this give rise to?

A

Future lesser omentum and falciform ligament

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9
Q

What this be?

A

Hirschsprung Dz

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10
Q

What might this be?

A

Annular pancreas (1 in 15,000)

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11
Q

What are the three phases of midgut development?

A
  1. Elongation, herniation, and rotation (90)
  2. Return to the abdominal cavity and rotation (180)
  3. Fixation of the mesentaries
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12
Q

What this be?

A

Imperforate anus

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13
Q

Identify these two structures

A

Left: yolk sac

Right: allantois

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14
Q

What is the classical sign of duodenal atresia on x-ray?

A

“Double bubble sign”

Also, seen with annular pancreas

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15
Q

The foregut endoderm proliferates to form buds for what three organs?

A

liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

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16
Q

What does the dorsal pancreatic bud give rise to?

A

Future minor duodenal papilla

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17
Q

Identify this conditon

A

Pyloric stenosis

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18
Q

What are some early derivatives of the foregut?

A

esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, 1st and 2nd portions of the duodenum

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19
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum leads to what two symptoms?

A

Intussesception and pain

20
Q

What this be?

A

Gut rotation abnormalities

21
Q

How is omphalocele most commonly detected and diagnosed?

A

Prenatal ultrasound (or AFP/apha-fetoprotein screening)

22
Q

Identify

A

Top: Ventral mesentary

Bottom: Dorsal mesentary

23
Q

Identify these structures

A
24
Q

What this be?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

25
Q

Liver and gall bladder buds grow into the lower portion of the septum tranversum helping to form what structure?

A

Diaphragm

26
Q

What this be?

A

Omphalocele (2.5 in 10,000 with a 25% mortality rate)

27
Q

How often do atresias and stenoses occur?

A

1 in 5,000 births

28
Q

What grows down to seperate the hindgut from the cloaca?

A

The urorectal septum

29
Q

What does the IMA supply blood to?

A

The hingut and its derivative organs

30
Q

What occurs in gut rotation abnormalities?

A

Only the intital 90 degree rotation

or

Initial 90 degree rotation clockwise and secondary 180 degree rotation counterclockwise

31
Q

The two pancreatic buds migrate together and ultimately give rise to the pancreas. What is each of the buds responsible for?

A
32
Q

Absence of a normal opening, or failure of a structure to have a lumen

A

Atresia

33
Q

Thought to arise when two ventral pancreatic buds form and migrate in opposite directions constricting the duodenum, or when the ventral pancreatic bud fails to fully rotate posteriorly; thus a defect in VENTRAL pancreatic bud rotation.

A

Annular pancreas

34
Q

What does the celiac artery supply blood to?

A

Foregut and its derivative organs

35
Q

What two conditions are thought to be associated with annular pancreas?

A

Pancreatitis and Down Syndrome

36
Q

Failure of the midgut to return to the peritoneal cavity?

A

Omphalocele

37
Q

Failure of body wall closure followed by gut herniation.

(The failure of the anterior body wall typically occurs to the right of the umbilicus and the herniated intestines are not covered by a thin membrane)

A

Gastroschisis

38
Q

Again, what does the ventral mesentary ultimately develop into? (2)

A

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament

39
Q

What does the dorsal mesogastrium utimately give rise to? (2)

A

Greater omentum and Gastrocolic ligament

40
Q

What does the ventral pancreatic bud give rise to?

A

Future major duodenal papilla

41
Q

What is the classical presentation of pyloric stenosis?

A

Male baby in his 2nd-6th week of life presenting with projectile vomiting. Also suffering from hypochloremia

42
Q

What this be?

A

Gastroschisis

43
Q

Does the stomach rotate during development?

A

Yes, 90 degrees. It causes a change in the postion of the mesentaries

44
Q

What portion of the embryo gives rise to the intraembryonic component?

A

endoderm-lined yolk sac

45
Q

Oh my baby. What’s going on?

A

Duodenal atresia

46
Q

What vein is contained within the falciform ligament? It ultimately gives rise to the ligamentum teres hepatis.

A

Umbilical vein

GI and Nutrition (57 decks)

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