Glossary N + O

Question 1

natural categories

Answer 1

groupings that occur naturally in the world

Question 2

negative transfer

Answer 2

occurs when solving an earlier problem makes it harder to solve a later one

Question 3

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 3

gaps in the myelin coating

Question 4

neurotransmitters

Answer 4

chemical messengers used for interneuronal communication

Question 5

nominal kind

Answer 5

the arbitrary assignment of a label to an entity that meets a certain set of prespecified conditions

Question 6

Noun phrase

Answer 6

Syntactic structure that contains at least one noun and includes all the relevant descriptors of the noun

Question 7

Object-centered representation

Answer 7

The individual stores a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer

Question 8

Occipital lobe

Answer 8

Associated with visual processing, the primary motor cortex, which specializes in planning, control, execution of movement, particularly involving any kind of delayed response

Question 9

Optic ataxia

Answer 9

Impaired visual control of the arm in reaching out to a visual target

Question 10

Optic nerve

Answer 10

The nerve that transmits information from the retina to the brain

Question 11

Overconfidence

Answer 11

And individual’s overvaluation of her own skills, knowledge, or judgment

Question 12

Overregularization

Answer 12

Occurs when individuals apply the general rules of language to the exceptional cases that vary from the norm

Question 13

Parallel distributed processing models or connectionist models

Answer 13

The handling of very large numbers of cognitive operations at once through a network distributed across incalculable numbers of locations in the brain

Question 14

Parallel processing

Answer 14

Occurs when multiple operations are executed all at once

Question 15

Noun phrase

Answer 15

Syntactic structure that contains at least one noun and includes all the relevant descriptors of the noun

Question 16

Object-centered representation

Answer 16

The individual stores a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer

Question 17

Occipital lobe

Answer 17

Associated with visual processing, the primary motor cortex, which specializes in planning, control, execution of movement, particularly involving any kind of delayed response

Question 18

Optic ataxia

Answer 18

Impaired visual control of the arm in reaching out to a visual target

Question 19

Optic nerve

Answer 19

The nerve that transmits information from the retina to the brain

Question 20

Overconfidence

Answer 20

And individual’s overvaluation of her own skills, knowledge, or judgment

Question 21

Overregularization

Answer 21

Occurs when individuals apply the general rules of language to the exceptional cases that vary from the norm

Question 22

Parallel distributed processing models or connectionist models

Answer 22

The handling of very large numbers of cognitive operations at once through a network distributed across incalculable numbers of locations in the brain

Question 23

Parallel processing

Answer 23

Occurs when multiple operations are executed all at once