Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (33-49)

Question 1

What does anatomy stand for?

Answer 1

physical structures of the body

Question 2

What does physiology stand for?

Answer 2

functions and processes of the body

Question 3

What study links the nervous system to cognition?

Answer 3

Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 4

Four basic parts of a neuron?

Answer 4

• Soma
• Dendrites
• Axon
• Terminal Buttons

Question 5

What’s the name for the small gaps in the myelin sheath?

Answer 5

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 6

What happens in Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 6

Degeneration of Myelin Sheath

Question 7

Three types of substances that are involved in Neurotransmission:

Answer 7

• monoamine neurotransmitters
• amino-acid neurotransmitters
• neuropeptides

Question 8

What’s about monoamine neurotransmitters?

Answer 8

Monoamine neurotransmitters are synthesized through enzymatic actions on one of the amino acids in our diet.

Question 9

What’s about amino-acid neurotransmitters?

Answer 9

Amino-acid neurotransmmitters are obtained directly from the amino acids in our diet.

Question 10

What’s about neuropeptides?

Answer 10

Neuropeptides are peptide chains (molecules made from the parts of two or more amino acids).

Question 11

Acetylcholine

Answer 11

linked to memory functions and sleep and arousal

loss of acetylcholine correlates with Alzheimer’s disease

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

linked to attention and learning, motivation, reinforcement and reward, high in schizophrenic conditions

Question 13

Serotonin

Answer 13

linked to eating behavior, aggresion and regulation of impulsivity (e.g. high seratonin level -> loss of appetite)

Question 14

When did Paul Broca live?

Answer 14

Paul Broca (1824 - 1880)

Question 15

Who, related to Broca, hat severe speech impairment?

Answer 15

Tan, Broca’s patient (could only utter “Tan”).

Question 16

Research on Tan lead to the conclusion that (what is now called) Broca’s Area is linked to …

Answer 16

… speech production.

Question 17

It is possible to study brainwave activity indicative of changing mental states such as deep sleep and dreams through …

Answer 17

… EEG:

• low spatial resolution
• high temporal resolution

Question 18

EEG stands for:

Answer 18

Electroencephalogram

Question 19

To relate electrical activiy to a particular event or task EEG waves can be …

Answer 19

… averaged over a large (e.g. 100) number of trials.

Question 20

EEG waves averaged over a large number of trials can reveal:

Answer 20

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

Question 21

An ERP is:

Answer 21

the record of a small change in the brain’s electrical activity in response to a stimulating event.

Question 22

List static imaging techniques:

Answer 22

• Aniograms
• Computed Tomography (CT)
• MRI

Question 23

Metabolic imaging as an umbrella term for techniques focusing on …

Answer 23

… changes in the metabolism of the brain (oxygen and glucose).

Question 24

The forebrain consists of:

Answer 24

• cerebral cortex
• basal ganglia
• limbic system
• thalamus
• hypothalamus

Question 25

The midbrain consists of (among others):

Answer 25

• superior colliculi
• inferior colliculi
• reticular activating system
• gray matter

Question 26

The hindbrain consists of:

Answer 26

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 27

In metabolic imaging one can not determine whether the effect of the observed activity is …

Answer 27

… inhibitory or excitatory.

Question 28

What does phMRI stand for?

Answer 28

Pharmacological MRI

Question 29

What does DTI stand for?

Answer 29

diffusion tensor imaging

Question 30

What does TMS stand for?

Answer 30

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Question 31

What does MEG stand for?

Answer 31

Magnetoencephalography