Brain Anatomy II Flashcards
In what sub-cortices can the cerebral cortex be divided?
Neocortex
Archicortex
Paleocortex
Two other names for neocortex?
Neopallium or
Isocortex.
The Archicortex and the Paleocortex are the cortical parts of what system?
The limbic system.
What is white matter?
Glial Cells
Myelinated Axons
Fun Fact for Cannibals: freshly cut white matter actually appears pinkish and becomes white due to preservation in formaldehyde.
What does grey matter consist of?
Neuronal Cell Bodies
Neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons)
Glial Cells
Capillaries (a body’s smallest blood vessels)
How many horizontal layers does the neocortex consist of?
6
What does a gyrus look like?
a wrinkle
What does a sulcus look like?
a groove
Why is the neocortex also called isocortex?
Because its structure is relatively uniform -> iso
Which lobes are part of the neocortex?
All (frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital) but the insular lobe.
What are the two parts of an insular lobe (aka.: insular cortex, insulary cortex, insula or the “Island of Reil”)?
the anterior insula (larger)
the posterior insula (smaller)
What sulcus lies between the temporal and the frontal lobe?
the lateral sulcus (aka. lateral fissure)
What are the names of the three gyri comprising the superolateral temporal lobe (from top to bottom)?
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
(Note: Middle not medial!)
What’s the name of the sulcus that seperates frontal and parietal lobe?
central sulcus
What gyri comprise the superolateral frontal lobe (from top to bottom and then going backwards?
Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Anterior Central Gyrus
The post central gyrus is part of which neocortical lobe?
the parietal lobe
Latin for front,
back and
sidewards?
anterior
posterior
lateral
Latin for in the middle?
medial
What is the name of the “lid” covering the insular lobe and consisting of three other lobes?
Operculum
That part of the frontal/occipital/parietal/temporal lobe that lies on the surface?
superolateral
Fancy adjective for example for internal parts of lobes?
medial
Fancy adjective for the fordermost part of the frontal lobe?
prefrontal
On the basis of what are Brodmann areas distinguishable?
on the basis of Cytoarchitectonics (cell-architecture)
The olfactory bulb lies inferior to?
the frontal lobe
Where is Broca’s area located?
(only!) on the left (!) inferior frontal gyrus
Where is Wernicke’s area located?
on the superior temporal gyrus
Two possible kinds of somatic nerves?
sensory nerves
motor nerves
There are somatic nerves and ______ nerves.
vegetative nerves
groups of nerve cells are connected by?
tracts (pathways)
