Glossary G + H + I + J

Question 1

Gestalt approach

Answer 1

based on “the whole differs from the sum of the parts”

Question 2

Gestalt psychology

Answer 2

states that we best understand phenomena when we view them as organized, structured wholes

Question 3

“g”-factor

Answer 3

general ability (in intelligence research)

Question 4

grammar

Answer 4

study of regular patterns in languages

Question 5

habituation

Answer 5

becoming accustomed to a stimulus (paying less and less attention)

Question 6

hindsight bias

Answer 6

looking back on the brake-up, we wonder how we can not have seen the signs / it coming

Question 7

hippocampus

Answer 7

memory formation

Question 8

horizontal cells

Answer 8

and amacrine cells form lateral connections among adjacent areas of the retina in the middle layer

Question 9

hypermnesia

Answer 9

process to retrieve memories that seemed forgotten

Question 10

hypothesis testing

Answer 10

a view of language acquisition, children learn lanugage by forming and testing hypotheses

Question 11

hypothetical constructs

Answer 11

concepts that are not directly measurable but serve as mental models for understanding how psychological phenomena work (e.g. can not be found implemented in the brain)

Question 12

iconic store

Answer 12

very short-paced, discrete visual sensory register

Question 13

ill-structured problems

Answer 13

lack well defined paths to solutions

Question 14

illusory correlation

Answer 14

when we tend to see events as going together because we are predisposed to do so

Question 15

implicit memory

Answer 15

recollection without awareness

Question 16

incubation

Answer 16

putting problems aside for a while

Question 17

inductive reasoning

Answer 17

reasoning from facts to reach conclusions that explain facts

Question 18

infantile amnesia

Answer 18

inability to recall event from early childhood

Question 19

intelligence

Answer 19

capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance learning, and ability to adapt

Question 20

interference theory

Answer 20

forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words

Question 21

introspection

Answer 21

looking inwards at pieces of information passing through consciousness

Question 22

isomorphic

Answer 22

structure is the same, content differs

Question 23

judgement and decision making

Answer 23

used to select from choices or to evaluate opportunities