Glossary E + F

Question 1

ecological validity

Answer 1

the degree to which particular findings in one environmental context may be considered relevant outside that context

Question 2

elimination by aspects

Answer 2

occurs when we eliminate alternatives by focusing on aspects of each alternative, one at a time (think buying a car)

Question 3

emotional intelligence

Answer 3

ability to perceive and express emotion, understand and reason with emotions

Question 4

encoding

Answer 4

how we transform sensory input to a representation that can be stored

Question 5

encoding specificity

Answer 5

what is recalled depends on what is encoded

Question 6

episodic buffer

Answer 6

a limited-capacity system that is capable of binding information from the subsidary systems and from long-term memory into a unitary episodic representation

Question 7

episodic memory

Answer 7

stores personally experienced episodes

Question 8

ERP

Answer 8

event-related potential: an electrophysiological response to a stimulus

Question 9

exemplars

Answer 9

typical representatives of a category

Question 10

expert systems

Answer 10

programs performing the way an expert does

Question 11

explicit memory

Answer 11

can be consciously recollected

Question 12

feature search

Answer 12

scanning for a particular feature or features

Question 13

feature-integration-theory

Answer 13

explains the relative ease of conducting feature search and the relative difficulty conducting conjunction searches

Question 14

figure-ground

Answer 14

what stands out from the background vs. what recedes into background

Question 15

flashbulb memory

Answer 15

extremly vivid memory

Question 16

flow chart

Answer 16

a model path for reaching a goal / solving a problem

Question 17

fovea

Answer 17

part of the eye, located at the center of the retina

Question 18

frontal lobe

Answer 18

motor processing, higher thought processes e.g. abstract reasoning

Question 19

function morphemes

Answer 19

vs. content morphemes

Question 20

functional fixedness

Answer 20

inability to realize how something can function outside its usual function

Question 21

functional-equivalence hypothesis

Answer 21

belief that although visual imagery and visual perception are not identical, they are functionally equivalent

Question 22

functionalism

Answer 22

seeks to understand what people do, and why they do it