Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (50-58) Flashcards
Three major brain structures:
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Basal Ganglia are crucial to …
… motor function.
Dysfunction in the basal gnglia result in deficits such as …
… tremors, involuntary movement, changes in posture and muscle tone and slowness of movement.
Deficits that could result from a dysfunction in the basal ganglia are observed in which disease?
Parkinson’s disease
Huntington’s disease
The limbic system is important to …
… emotion, motivation, memory, learning.
Relatively undiveloped limbic systems can be found in …
+ implication
… reptiles and fish -> they almost exclusively respond to the environment by instinct.
The limbic system conists of the following three central interconnected cerebral structures:
- amygdala
- septum
- hippocampus
The amygdala is involved in …
… anger and aggression and enhances perception of emotional stimuli.
The septum is involved in …
… anger and fear.
Leasions to or removal of the amygdala can result in maladaptive …
… lack of fear.
Two other effects of leasions to the amygdala can be:
- visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects)
- hypersexuality
Hippocampus is latin and means:
seahorse (named after its shape)
The hippocampus plays an essential role in …
… memory formation.
Korsakoff’s syndrome produces loss of memory function and is believed to be associated with …
… deterioration of the hippocampus.
Excessive alcohol use can result in …
… Korsakoff’s syndrome.
The hippocampus also monitors …
… what is where (spatial relations).
Most of the sensory input into the brain passes through the …
… thalamus.
Name four nuclei and their roles!
- Lateral geniculate Nucleus (in vision)
- Medial geniculate Nucleus (in auditiory domain)
- Ventroposterior Nucleus (sensing pressure and pain)
- Ventrolateral Nucleus (sensing physical balance and equilibrium)
Thalamus malfunction can lead to:
- pain
- tremor
- amnesia
- impairment of language
- disruptions in walking and sleeping
The hypothalamus is related to:
- fighting
- feeding
- fleeing
- mating
Hypothalamus malfunction can result in:
- nacrolepsy (whereby a person falls asleep often and unpredictably)
Why is the midbrain more important in non-mammals than in mammals?
It controlls eye-movement and coordination. In mammals these functions are dominated in the forebrain, in non-mammals in the midbrain.
Name four nuclei and their roles!
- Lateral geniculate Nucleus (in vision)
- Medial geniculate Nucleus (in auditiory domain)
- Ventroposterior Nucleus (sensing pressure and pain)
- Ventrolateral Nucleus (sensing physical balance and equilibrium)
What does geniculate mean?
“knee-shaped”
What does RAS stand for?
reticular activating system
RAS aka.
reticular formation
The reticular activating system (RAS) is essential to the regulation of:
consciousness (sleep, wakefullness, arousal, attention and heartbeat, breathing)
The brainstem connects …
… forebrain to spinal chord.
The medulla oblongata controls:
- heart rate
- breathing
- swallowing
- digestion
Where do nerves from the right side of the body cross over to the left side of the brain?
in the medulla oblongata
