Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (58-End)

Question 1

What are sulci?

Answer 1

Small grooves

Question 2

fissures?

Answer 2

large grooves

Question 3

gyri?

Answer 3

bulges btw. sulci and fissures

Question 4

on the same side

Answer 4

ipsilateral

Question 5

on the opposite site

Answer 5

contralateral

Question 6

what is connecting the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 6

the corpus callosum

Question 7

Marc Dax traced what to what and when?

Answer 7

aphasia to the left hemisphere (1836)

Question 8

When did Paul Broca establish his area?

Answer 8

in the 1860s

Question 9

When did Carl Wernicke establish his area?

Answer 9

He published his findings in 1874

Question 10

Who is sometimes referred to as the father of Neuropsychology?

Answer 10

Karl Spencer Lashley

Question 11

When did Karl Spencer Lashley start to study localization?

Answer 11

1915

Question 12

Who studied hemispheric spezialisation and won a Nobel Prize? + statement

Answer 12

Psychologist Roger Sperry

“each hemisphere works like a seperate brain” (1964)

Question 13

Sperry’s classic experiment?

Answer 13

cutting in half the corpus callosum of a cat

Question 14

People with a severed corpus callosum are called:

Answer 14

split-brain patients

Question 15

Keywords about the 1972 Levy, Trevarthen & Sperry experiment:

Answer 15

split-brain patients
pics of chimeric faces
different responses in replying with speech and pointing to what has been seen

Question 16

The primary motor cortex can be found in which lobe?

Answer 16

the frontal lobe

Question 17

the primary somatosensory cortex can be found in which lobe?

Answer 17

the parietal lobe

Question 18

The lobes are named after …

Answer 18

… the skull bones right above them.

Question 19

What does Brodmann Area 4 encompass?

What does Brodmann Area 17 encompass?

Answer 19

4 = primary motor cortex
17 = primary visual cortex

Question 20

vascular disorder is a brain disorder caused by …

Answer 20

… a stroke.

Question 21

Strokes occur when the …

Answer 21

… flow of blood to the brain undergoes a sudden disruption.

Question 22

Two kinds of strokes:

Answer 22

• ischemic stroke

- hermorrhagic stroke

Question 23

In ischemic strokes …

Answer 23

… pieces of fatty tissue break loose and get lodged in arteries of the brain.

Question 24

In hermorrhagic strokes …

Answer 24

… blood vessels break.

Question 25

Typical stroke symptoms:

Answer 25

• numbness or weakness in face, arms or legs
• confusion, difficulty speaking
• vision disturbances
• dizziness
• severe headache

Question 26

Brain tumor aka. …

Answer 26

… neoplasm.

Question 27

Brain tumors can occur both in grey and white matter, but are more common in …

Answer 27

… white matter.

Question 28

Two types of brain tumor:

Answer 28

primary brain tumors start in the brain

secondary brain tumors start somewhere else

Question 29

Two kinds of tumor:

Answer 29

benign and malignant

Question 30

Can benign tumors also be dangerous?

Answer 30

yes, but only in the brain.

Question 31

Symptoms of brain tumors include:

Answer 31

• headaches (usually worse in the morning)
• nausea or vomiting
• changes in speech, vision, hearing
• problems with balance and walking
• changes in mood
• problems with memory
• muscle jerking
• numbness or tingling in arms or legs

Question 32

Two types of head injuries:

Answer 32

• closed-head injuries (skull intact)

- open-head injuries (skull is not intact)