Cognitive Psychology Chapter V Memory II (209)

Question 1

Endel Tulving (1972) proposed a distinction between two kinds of explicit memory:

Answer 1

• semantic memory (not effected by lesions in the frontal lobe)
• episodic memory (effected by lesions in the frontal lobe)

Question 2

semantic memory:

Answer 2

stores general world knowledge

Question 3

episodic memory:

Answer 3

stores personally experienced events or episodes

Question 4

Implicit memory is also referred to as …

Answer 4

… nondeclarative memory.

Question 5

Based on neuropsychological research Larry Squire proposed the following taxonomy of the memory system:

Answer 5

• Memory - Declarative - Semantic
  - Episodic
  - Nondeclarative - Procedural skills
  - priming
  - Conditioning
  - Nonassociative (habituation)

Question 6

According to the PDP (parallel distributed processing) model, the key to knowledge representation lies in the …

Answer 6

… connections among various nodes, not in individual nodes.

Question 7

A prime is a node that …

Answer 7

… activates a connected node.

Question 8

In connectionist models, working memory comprises …

Answer 8

… the activated portion of long-term memory.

Question 9

In connectionst models, priming could occur through …

Answer 9

… spreading activation that involves parallel activation of multiple nodes.

Question 10

Hypermnesia …

Answer 10

… is a process to retrieve memories seemingly forgotten.

Question 11

3 types of amnesia:

Answer 11

• retrograde amnesia
• anterograde amnesia (e.g. H. M.)
• infantile amnesia

Question 12

A double dissociation can be found if …

Answer 12

… a lesion in brain area 1 impaires function A not B and lesion in brain area 2 impaires function B not A.

Question 13

Alzheimer’s disease leads to an

Answer 13

atrophy (decrease in size) of the brain.

Question 14

The hippocampus’ main function apears to be the …

Answer 14

… integration and consolidation of separate sensory information as well as spatial orientation and memory.

Question 15

Basal ganglia seem to be the primary structures controlling …

Answer 15

… procedural memory.

Question 16

If memories are emotionally charged, levels of activation in the …

Answer 16

… amygdala seem to correspond with recall.

Question 17

Repeated stimulation of particular neural pathways tends to strengthen the likelihood of firing. This is called …

Answer 17

… long-term potentiation.

Question 18

Korsakoff syndrome results in what kind of amnesia?

Answer 18

anterograde amnesia