Exam 3 Week 16 ppt 4: Cognition Prefrontal Cortex

Question 1

what does the prefrontal cortex have rich connections with? (5)

Answer 1

The pre-frontal cortex has rich interconnections with

1. hypothalamus,
2. amygdala,
3. basal forebrain,
4. midbrain &
5. hippocampus

Question 2

orbital frontal cortex represents what?

Answer 2

Orbital frontal cortex represents the
–Highest regulation of autonomic function & social-emotional behavior

Question 3

what are three things the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in?

Answer 3

It is involved in

1. impulse control,
2. socially acceptable behaviros and
3. planning

Question 4

what does damage to the orbitofrontal cortex cause? (5)

Answer 4

–Damage produces

1. irresponsible,
2. impulsive behaviors,
3. lack of planning,
4. focus &
5. organizational skills

Question 5

what is hyperactivity of the orbitofrontal cortex associated with?

Answer 5

Hyperactivity Orbitofrontal cortex is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 6

whtat is the dorsolateral frontal cortex involved in? (4)

Answer 6

Dorsolateral frontal cortex is Involved in

1. analytical thinking,
2. problem solving,
3. keeping focus & attention, and
4. planning

Question 7

what does damage to the dorsolateral frontal cortex result in? (4)

Answer 7

–Damage results in

1. disordered thinking and
2. disorganized behavior with an
3. inability to maintain focus and
4. being easily distracted

Question 8

What is the ventromedial frontal cortex involved in? (3)

Answer 8

The Ventromedial frontal cortex is Involved in

1. motivation,
2. gaining emotional pleasure from life experiences and
3. connecting emotions and thoughts

Question 9

what does damage to the ventromedial frontal cortex cause? (4)

Answer 9

Damage to the Ventromedial frontal cortex produces

1. apathy,
2. anhedonia,
3. flat emotional affect,
4. inability to report preferences,

Question 10

in what condition is the ventromedial frontal cortex hyperactive?

Answer 10

mania

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

in what condition is the ventromedial frontal cortex less active?

Answer 12

clinical depression

Question 13

what are two settings that the prefrontal cortex has a role in regulating?

Answer 13

1. –Private element
2. –Public forum

Question 14

what does the public forum require? (3)

Answer 14

•Public Forum

1. –Interaction with others
2. –Requires accurate perception of others emotional states
3. –Capacity to deal with others mental states

Question 15

how does the prefrontal cortex help deal with others in the public forum?

Answer 15

when dealing with others in the Public Forum,

• Sensory awareness funneled thru amygdala and
• Integrated into your behavior in orbital prefrontal cortex

Question 16

what does the private elemenet of behavior require?

Answer 16

Private element of behavior requires Social reasoning which is the matching internal state with social action

Examples of Private element’s Social reasoning include Empathy & altruism.

Question 17

what re two examples of the private element’s social reasoning?

Answer 17

Examples of Private element’s Social reasoning include Empathy & altruism.

Question 18

what does damage to the orbitofrontal cortex lead to in regards to the private elelment? (3)

Answer 18

•Damage to orbitofrontal cortex leads to

1. selfish, egocentric behaviors,
2. lack of empathy &
3. engage in thoughtless acts

Question 19

Who is Robin Dunbar, and what did he suggest?

Answer 19

• •Robin Dunbar, evolutionary psychologist, has suggest-ed that the development of these areas is responsible for the “great leap forward” by humans 40-60,000 years ago
• •Socialization ability drove human development & these areas (the prefrontal cortex) responsible

Question 20

what is the significance of Phinneas Gage?

Answer 20

• •Perhaps the first documented insight to the role of the frontal lobes in emotional experience and behavior
• •Iron rod passed through Gage’s prefrontal lobe and skull
• •Forever changed his personality to be irreverent, profane, impatient, and obstinate