Exam 1 Cerebral Anatomy

Question 1

the two hemispheres in the cerebrum are divided by

Answer 1

the longitudinal fissure

Question 2

the two hemispheres are joined together by

Answer 2

a large band of fibers called the corpus callosum

Question 3

What are the four main lobes in the cerebrum?

Answer 3

~frontal
~parietal
~temporal
~occipital

Question 4

What separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 4

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

Question 5

What separates the frontal from parietal lobes?

Answer 5

Central (Rolando) sulcus

Question 6

What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 6

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 7

What separates the occipital and temporal lobes?

Answer 7

Pre-occipital notch

Question 8

What separates the upper and lower quadrants of the occipital lobe?

Answer 8

Calcarine sulcus

Question 9

The Insula is found

Answer 9

deep within the lateral fissure and seen best by pulling back the parietal and temporal lobe

Question 10

Along the inferior medial temporal gyrus is…

Answer 10

the parahippocampal gyrus whose most rostral bulge is called uncus

Question 11

The Corpus Callsum is….. and the four main parts are…

Answer 11

~the major interhemispheric connection
~Rostrum rostral and ventral
~ Genu the rostral bend
~Body the thin central portion
~Splenium the posterior bend and enlargement

Question 12

Commissurotomy

Answer 12

the term used for cutting the corpus callusum

Question 13

What are two tracts in the cerebrum?

Answer 13

~Anterior commissure- a small commissural tract

~Fornix- a large bilateral tract running posterolaterally to ventromedially from a structure in the medial temporal lobe

Question 14

The diencephalon is made up of

Answer 14

~hypothalamus
~thalamus
~pineal gland (or subthalamus and epithalamus)

Question 15

The thalamus and hypothalamus is separated by

Answer 15

the hypothalamus sulcus

Question 16

the massa intermedia

Answer 16

~also called interthalamic adhesion

~is right in the center of the thalamus in many brains

Question 17

The subthalamus is located

Answer 17

inferior and posterior tot the thalamus

Question 18

The hypothalamus is located

Answer 18

anterior and inferior to the thalamus

Question 19

Infundibulum

Answer 19

~part of the hypothalamus

~the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Question 20

Lateral ventricle is

Answer 20

very large with components in all 4 lobes of the cerebrum

Question 21

Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

Answer 21

~in the frontal lobe

~extends rostrally and caudally to merge into the body

Question 22

Body of the lateral ventricle

Answer 22

sweeps more posteriorly into the parietal lobe to form the atrium

Question 23

Atrium of the lateral ventricle

Answer 23

where the body, posterior (occipital) and temporal (inferior) horns meet

Question 24

Posterior (occipital) horns of the lateral ventricle

Answer 24

project posteriorly into the occipital lobe

Question 25

Temporal (inferior) horn

Answer 25

sweep infero-laterally into the medial aspect of the temporal lobe

Question 26

The septum pellucidum of the lateral ventricle

Answer 26

where the bodies of the two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane

Question 27

the lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle by

Answer 27

the interventricular foramina

Question 28

the third ventricle and fourth ventricle are connected by

Answer 28

the cerebral aqueduct

Question 29

the CSF from the fourth ventricle drains into the subarachnoid space via

Answer 29

3 holes: ~2 foramina of luscka ~the foramen of magendie

Question 30

Centrum ovale

Answer 30

~the cap of white matter just below the most superior cortex of each lobe ~contains 3 types of cerebral axons: project, commissural, and association fibers

Question 31

Projection fibers of centrum ovale

Answer 31

~axons leaving from the cortex to exit from the cerebrum or entering the cortex from mostly the diencephalon

Question 32

Commissural fibers of centrum ovale

Answer 32

~axons crossing from one side to the other of the two hemisphere ~these fibers run inferiorly to cross in the corpus callosum

Question 33

Association fibers of centrum ovale

Answer 33

~those that run from one area of cortex to another within the same hemisphere ~can be either short called subcortical association fibers or long often named fasciculi

Question 34

Corona radiata

Answer 34

~containing mostly projection fibers with a few of the other types

Question 35

Internal capsule

Answer 35

contains projection fibers

Question 36

what are three areas of the white matter?

Answer 36

~centrum ovale ~corona ~internal capsule

Question 37

what are three parts of the internal capsule?

Answer 37

~anterior limb- separating the caudate nucleus from the putamen ~genus- the bend of the internal capsule ~posterior limb- separates the thalamus from the globus pallidus

Question 38

What is included in the subcortical paired nuclei?

Answer 38

``` ~caudate nucleus ~putamen ~globus pallidus ~subthalamic nucleus ~substantia nigra ~striatum ~lentiform nucleus ```

Question 39

what are the two parts of the striatum in the subcortical paired nuclei?

Answer 39

~caudate nucleus | ~putamen

Question 40

what are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus in the subcortical paired nuclei?

Answer 40

~putamen | ~globus pallidus

Question 41

what are the two main blood supplies to the cerebrum?

Answer 41

~internal carotid arteries | ~vertebral arteries

Question 42

Trace the right internal carotid to the heart

Answer 42

~right common carotid ~brachiocephalic trunk ~aorta ~heart

Question 43

Trace the left internal carotid to the heart

Answer 43

~left common carotid ~directly from the aorta ~heart

Question 44

where do the internal carotids enter the skull from?

Answer 44

carotid canal

Question 45

What artery does the vertebral artery arise from?

Answer 45

subclavian artery

Question 46

Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull from?

Answer 46

transverse foramina

Question 47

What arteries come together to form the Circle of Willis?

Answer 47

~internal carotid | ~vertebral

Question 48

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

Answer 48

~middle cerebral- formed after the other branches are made ~anterior cerebral ~posterior communicating

Question 49

What artery is formed from the two vertebral arteries?

Answer 49

the basilar

Question 50

the basilar artery will divide and become the

Answer 50

posterior cerebral arteries