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PHTH 7303 Neuro > Exam 1 Cerebral Anatomy > Flashcards

Exam 1 Cerebral Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the two hemispheres in the cerebrum are divided by

A

the longitudinal fissure

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2
Q

the two hemispheres are joined together by

A

a large band of fibers called the corpus callosum

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3
Q

What are the four main lobes in the cerebrum?

A

~frontal
~parietal
~temporal
~occipital

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4
Q

What separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

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5
Q

What separates the frontal from parietal lobes?

A

Central (Rolando) sulcus

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6
Q

What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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7
Q

What separates the occipital and temporal lobes?

A

Pre-occipital notch

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8
Q

What separates the upper and lower quadrants of the occipital lobe?

A

Calcarine sulcus

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9
Q

The Insula is found

A

deep within the lateral fissure and seen best by pulling back the parietal and temporal lobe

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10
Q

Along the inferior medial temporal gyrus is…

A

the parahippocampal gyrus whose most rostral bulge is called uncus

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11
Q

The Corpus Callsum is….. and the four main parts are…

A 
~the major interhemispheric connection
~Rostrum rostral and ventral
~ Genu the rostral bend
~Body the thin central portion
~Splenium the posterior bend and enlargement
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12
Q

Commissurotomy

A

the term used for cutting the corpus callusum

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13
Q

What are two tracts in the cerebrum?

A

~Anterior commissure- a small commissural tract

~Fornix- a large bilateral tract running posterolaterally to ventromedially from a structure in the medial temporal lobe

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14
Q

The diencephalon is made up of

A

~hypothalamus
~thalamus
~pineal gland (or subthalamus and epithalamus)

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15
Q

The thalamus and hypothalamus is separated by

A

the hypothalamus sulcus

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16
Q

the massa intermedia

A

~also called interthalamic adhesion

~is right in the center of the thalamus in many brains

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17
Q

The subthalamus is located

A

inferior and posterior tot the thalamus

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18
Q

The hypothalamus is located

A

anterior and inferior to the thalamus

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19
Q

Infundibulum

A

~part of the hypothalamus

~the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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20
Q

Lateral ventricle is

A

very large with components in all 4 lobes of the cerebrum

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21
Q

Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

A

~in the frontal lobe

~extends rostrally and caudally to merge into the body

22
Q

Body of the lateral ventricle

A

sweeps more posteriorly into the parietal lobe to form the atrium

23
Q

Atrium of the lateral ventricle

A

where the body, posterior (occipital) and temporal (inferior) horns meet

24
Q

Posterior (occipital) horns of the lateral ventricle

A

project posteriorly into the occipital lobe

25
Q

Temporal (inferior) horn

A

sweep infero-laterally into the medial aspect of the temporal lobe

26
Q

The septum pellucidum of the lateral ventricle

A

where the bodies of the two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane

27
Q

the lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle by

A

the interventricular foramina

28
Q

the third ventricle and fourth ventricle are connected by

A

the cerebral aqueduct

29
Q

the CSF from the fourth ventricle drains into the subarachnoid space via

A

3 holes:
~2 foramina of luscka
~the foramen of magendie

30
Q

Centrum ovale

A

~the cap of white matter just below the most superior cortex of each lobe
~contains 3 types of cerebral axons: project, commissural, and association fibers

31
Q

Projection fibers of centrum ovale

A

~axons leaving from the cortex to exit from the cerebrum or entering the cortex from mostly the diencephalon

32
Q

Commissural fibers of centrum ovale

A

~axons crossing from one side to the other of the two hemisphere
~these fibers run inferiorly to cross in the corpus callosum

33
Q

Association fibers of centrum ovale

A

~those that run from one area of cortex to another within the same hemisphere
~can be either short called subcortical association fibers or long often named fasciculi

34
Q

Corona radiata

A

~containing mostly projection fibers with a few of the other types

35
Q

Internal capsule

A

contains projection fibers

36
Q

what are three areas of the white matter?

A

~centrum ovale
~corona
~internal capsule

37
Q

what are three parts of the internal capsule?

A

~anterior limb- separating the caudate nucleus from the putamen
~genus- the bend of the internal capsule
~posterior limb- separates the thalamus from the globus pallidus

38
Q

What is included in the subcortical paired nuclei?

A 
~caudate nucleus
~putamen
~globus pallidus
~subthalamic nucleus
~substantia nigra
~striatum
~lentiform nucleus
39
Q

what are the two parts of the striatum in the subcortical paired nuclei?

A

~caudate nucleus

~putamen

40
Q

what are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus in the subcortical paired nuclei?

A

~putamen

~globus pallidus

41
Q

what are the two main blood supplies to the cerebrum?

A

~internal carotid arteries

~vertebral arteries

42
Q

Trace the right internal carotid to the heart

A

~right common carotid
~brachiocephalic trunk
~aorta
~heart

43
Q

Trace the left internal carotid to the heart

A

~left common carotid
~directly from the aorta
~heart

44
Q

where do the internal carotids enter the skull from?

A

carotid canal

45
Q

What artery does the vertebral artery arise from?

A

subclavian artery

46
Q

Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull from?

A

transverse foramina

47
Q

What arteries come together to form the Circle of Willis?

A

~internal carotid

~vertebral

48
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

A

~middle cerebral- formed after the other branches are made
~anterior cerebral
~posterior communicating

49
Q

What artery is formed from the two vertebral arteries?

A

the basilar

50
Q

the basilar artery will divide and become the

A

posterior cerebral arteries

PHTH 7303 Neuro (89 decks)

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