Exam 1 Cerebral Anatomy Flashcards
the two hemispheres in the cerebrum are divided by
the longitudinal fissure
the two hemispheres are joined together by
a large band of fibers called the corpus callosum
What are the four main lobes in the cerebrum?
~frontal
~parietal
~temporal
~occipital
What separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?
Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
What separates the frontal from parietal lobes?
Central (Rolando) sulcus
What separates the parietal and occipital lobes?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
What separates the occipital and temporal lobes?
Pre-occipital notch
What separates the upper and lower quadrants of the occipital lobe?
Calcarine sulcus
The Insula is found
deep within the lateral fissure and seen best by pulling back the parietal and temporal lobe
Along the inferior medial temporal gyrus is…
the parahippocampal gyrus whose most rostral bulge is called uncus
The Corpus Callsum is….. and the four main parts are…
~the major interhemispheric connection ~Rostrum rostral and ventral ~ Genu the rostral bend ~Body the thin central portion ~Splenium the posterior bend and enlargement
Commissurotomy
the term used for cutting the corpus callusum
What are two tracts in the cerebrum?
~Anterior commissure- a small commissural tract
~Fornix- a large bilateral tract running posterolaterally to ventromedially from a structure in the medial temporal lobe
The diencephalon is made up of
~hypothalamus
~thalamus
~pineal gland (or subthalamus and epithalamus)
The thalamus and hypothalamus is separated by
the hypothalamus sulcus
the massa intermedia
~also called interthalamic adhesion
~is right in the center of the thalamus in many brains
The subthalamus is located
inferior and posterior tot the thalamus
The hypothalamus is located
anterior and inferior to the thalamus
Infundibulum
~part of the hypothalamus
~the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
Lateral ventricle is
very large with components in all 4 lobes of the cerebrum
Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
~in the frontal lobe
~extends rostrally and caudally to merge into the body
Body of the lateral ventricle
sweeps more posteriorly into the parietal lobe to form the atrium
Atrium of the lateral ventricle
where the body, posterior (occipital) and temporal (inferior) horns meet
Posterior (occipital) horns of the lateral ventricle
project posteriorly into the occipital lobe
Temporal (inferior) horn
sweep infero-laterally into the medial aspect of the temporal lobe
The septum pellucidum of the lateral ventricle
where the bodies of the two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane
the lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle by
the interventricular foramina
the third ventricle and fourth ventricle are connected by
the cerebral aqueduct
the CSF from the fourth ventricle drains into the subarachnoid space via
3 holes:
~2 foramina of luscka
~the foramen of magendie
Centrum ovale
~the cap of white matter just below the most superior cortex of each lobe
~contains 3 types of cerebral axons: project, commissural, and association fibers
Projection fibers of centrum ovale
~axons leaving from the cortex to exit from the cerebrum or entering the cortex from mostly the diencephalon
Commissural fibers of centrum ovale
~axons crossing from one side to the other of the two hemisphere
~these fibers run inferiorly to cross in the corpus callosum
Association fibers of centrum ovale
~those that run from one area of cortex to another within the same hemisphere
~can be either short called subcortical association fibers or long often named fasciculi
Corona radiata
~containing mostly projection fibers with a few of the other types
Internal capsule
contains projection fibers
what are three areas of the white matter?
~centrum ovale
~corona
~internal capsule
what are three parts of the internal capsule?
~anterior limb- separating the caudate nucleus from the putamen
~genus- the bend of the internal capsule
~posterior limb- separates the thalamus from the globus pallidus
What is included in the subcortical paired nuclei?
~caudate nucleus ~putamen ~globus pallidus ~subthalamic nucleus ~substantia nigra ~striatum ~lentiform nucleus
what are the two parts of the striatum in the subcortical paired nuclei?
~caudate nucleus
~putamen
what are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus in the subcortical paired nuclei?
~putamen
~globus pallidus
what are the two main blood supplies to the cerebrum?
~internal carotid arteries
~vertebral arteries
Trace the right internal carotid to the heart
~right common carotid
~brachiocephalic trunk
~aorta
~heart
Trace the left internal carotid to the heart
~left common carotid
~directly from the aorta
~heart
where do the internal carotids enter the skull from?
carotid canal
What artery does the vertebral artery arise from?
subclavian artery
Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull from?
transverse foramina
What arteries come together to form the Circle of Willis?
~internal carotid
~vertebral
What are the branches of the internal carotid?
~middle cerebral- formed after the other branches are made
~anterior cerebral
~posterior communicating
What artery is formed from the two vertebral arteries?
the basilar
the basilar artery will divide and become the
posterior cerebral arteries
