Exam 3 Week 12 ppt 14 Gait and Apraxia Flashcards

1
Q

Gait is (voluntary/ involuntary)

A

a voluntarily deployed movement

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2
Q

Gait is (learned/instinctual)

A

instinctual

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3
Q

When are stepping patterns present?

A

~present at birth

  • *Operational synergies contained in spinal cord in the form of Central pattern generators (CPGs)
  • *what the person does consciously is simply to Modify these organized synergies based upon environmental demands
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4
Q

Gait is a function resulting from integration of

A
control of:
~cortical areas
~cerebellum
~basal ganglia
~spinal cord
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5
Q

abnormalities in gait caused by

A

~can occur with dysfunction of a variety of nervous system structures
~gait disturbances can be caused by a variety of non-neural causes

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6
Q

Types of Gait Disorders

A
~Ataxic
~Tabetic
~Hemiplegic
~Diplegic
~Parkinsonain
~Dyskinetic
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7
Q

Types of apraxia

A

~ideational
~ideomotor
~kinetic
~oral

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8
Q

Ataxic Gait

A

~Wide base of support

~irregular/erratic weight shifts and velocity

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9
Q

Tabetic Gait

A
Also called sensory ataxia
~Wide base of support
~high stepping (steppage)
~drop foot
~irregular/erratic cadence
~ataxia
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10
Q

Hemiplegic Gait

A
Also called spastic gait 
~Slow, stiff leg
~circumduction
~foot drop
~flexed arm posture with no swing
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11
Q

Diplegic Gait

A
Also called spastic gait 
~faster
~ataxic
~stiff leg, circumducted, adducted
~hip & knees flexes
~plantar flexion
~foot drop
~flexed arm posture with no swing
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12
Q

Parkinsonain Gait

A

~Slow, stiff, shuffling gait
~no arm swing
~can be a quick, short stepping (festinating gait)

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13
Q

Dyskinetic Gait

A

~Rapid, fragmented movement intrusions
~ataxia
~dance like movement

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14
Q

Ataxic Gait is caused by

A

~Cerebellar in origin

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15
Q

Tabetic Gait is caused by

A

~due to Peripheral nerve damage

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16
Q

Where does the term tabetic in tabetic gait come from?

A

~term comes from tabies dorsalis – syphilitic cell death of dorsal root ganglion cells but may be due to other conditions

17
Q

Hemiplegic Gait is caused by

A

Cerebral stroke.

18
Q

Diplegic gait is often seen in

A

Cerebral Palsy

19
Q

Dyskinetic gait is the result of

A

basal ganglia damage – caudate or subthalamic nucleus as seen in Huntington’s chorea

20
Q

Apraxia is

A

lack the motor plan to performance of voluntary movement

21
Q

ideational apraxia

A

~Inability to organize single actions into a sequence for intended purpose as in the Loss of knowledge of the movement
~Cortical in origin – no specific area but parieto-occipital area very important

22
Q

Ideomotor apraxia

A

~Inability to translate the idea of the action into an appropriate motor program
~involves the Lack of proper sequencing of movement
~associated with damage to supramarginal gyrus or superior parietal lobule

23
Q

KInetic apraxia

A

~form of Clumsiness
~loss of hand and finger dexterity
~not due to paresis, ataxia, or sensory loss
~due to Damage to pre-motor cortex

24
Q

Oral apraxia

A

~Inability to execute facial movements on command

~due to damage of the inferior frontal gyrus Continuous with Broca’s area

25
Q

Oral apraxia and motor aphasia

A
  • *remember oral apraxia and motor aphasia are two very different pathologies
  • *often coexist because of the anatomical proximity of the distributed neural networks subserving praxis and language exists in the left, dominant hemisphere