Exam 3 Week 13 ppt 1 Autonomic vs Somatic

Question 1

ANS is

Answer 1

autonomic nervous system

Question 2

SNS is

Answer 2

somatic nervous system

Question 3

ANS and SNS similarities

Answer 3

~Specialized afferent and efferent fibers
~Lower regulatory nuclei that receive afferent input and have efferent output
~Peripheral systems which they control or regulated
~Connections with higher centers of the CNS by ascending and descending pathways

Question 4

Major brain structures receiving afferent information from SNS

Answer 4

~thalamus

~cerebral cortex

Question 5

Major brain structures receiving afferent information from ANS

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

key upper regulatory center for SNS

Answer 6

cerebral cortex

Question 7

key upper regulatory center for ANS

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

SNS and ANS- volitional control (same, different, etc)

Answer 8

~Both systems can be seen functioning in volitional activities
~activity requires changes in both somatic and autonomic activity
~Both have conscious and unconscious components
~differ in the magnitude of conscious and unconscious control

Question 9

CNS effector neurons connection to target tissue: SNS (general)

Answer 9

LMN directly connected to skeletal muscle cells

Question 10

CNS effector neurons connection to target tissue: ANS (general)

Answer 10

CNS effector neurons connected to ganglia which connect to target tissue

Question 11

CNS effector neurons connection to target tissue: ANS (detailed)

Answer 11

~Preganglionic neuron in CNS whose “preganglionic” axon ends and innervates cells in the peripheral ganglia
~Ganglionic neuron of the peripheral ganglia has a “post-ganglionic” axon which innervates the target tissue

Question 12

CNS effector neurons connection to target tissue: SNS (detailed)

Answer 12

~Lower Motor Neuron within the central nervous system
~an axon that directly ends on skeletal muscle cells in the Neuromuscular junction
~Releases acetylcholine to produce excitatory end-plate potentials
~Every muscle cell innervated

Question 13

CNS effector neurons connection to target tissue: ANS (postganlionic)

Answer 13

~post-ganglionic axon has varicosities along it that release NE or ACh
~either excitatory or inhibitory on the smooth muscle or effector organ
~not every effector cell is necessarily innervated; cells have electrical communication between them

Question 14

increase/ decrease activity of target tissue: SNS

Answer 14

~Motor neurons excitatory only

~decreased excitation (inhibition) of the skeletal muscle is causes by decreased motor neuronal activity

Question 15

increase/ decrease activity of target tissue: ANS

Answer 15

~both excitatory & inhibitory effects on their target tissues depending upon the type of transmitter and receptor
~Different efferent division & different transmitter/receptor combination
~circumstances where increased or decreased activity of the target tissue is due to increased or decreased activity of the autonomic post-ganglionic neurons & axons