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PHTH 7303 Neuro > Exam 3 Week 12 PP 5&6 Cerebellum Review & Connections > Flashcards

Exam 3 Week 12 PP 5&6 Cerebellum Review & Connections Flashcards

1
Q

3 connections of cerebellum to the brainstem

A

Inferior peduncle Middle peduncle Superior peduncle

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2
Q

tracts contained in the inferior cerebellar peduncle (5)

A

Dorsal, Cuneo & Rostral spinocerebellar tracts Olivocerebellar tract Vestibulocerebellar tract

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3
Q

Nuclei and neurons contained in inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Cerebellar efferents to vestibular & reticular nuclei

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4
Q

Tract in Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Pontocerebellar tract

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5
Q

What runs through the Superior cerebellar peduncle (tract & neurons)

A
  • Ventral spinocerebellar tract
  • Efferents from cerebellum which terminate in the red nucleus and the VL motor nucleus of the thalamus
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6
Q

Alternative name for Pontocerebellum

A

neocerebellum

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7
Q

General location of neocerebellum

A

Lateral zone includes more lateral regions of anterior & posterior lobes

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8
Q

Alternative name for Spinocerebellum

A

paleocerebellum

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9
Q

General location of paleocerebellum

A

Intermediate zone which includes medial aspects of both lobes, cerebellar tonsils and vermis

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10
Q

Alternative name for Vestibulocerebellum

A

archicerebellum

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11
Q

General location of archicerebellum

A

Most medial part Includes the flocculonodular lobe

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12
Q

Deep nuclei of cerebellum (3)

A
  1. Fastigial nucleus 2. Interposed Nuclei (Globose & Emboliform) 3. Dentate nucleus
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13
Q

Where is Fastigial nuclei and what cerebellar structures is it associated with?

A

Most medial Associated with vestibulocerebellum & spinocerebellum

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14
Q

What cerebellar structure is Interposed Nuclei (Globose & Emboliform) most associated with?

A

spinocerebellum

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15
Q

Where is Dentate nuclei and what cerebellar structure is it associated with?

A

Most lateral & largest Associated with pontocerebellum

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16
Q

3 distinct layers of cerebellar cortex

A
  1. molecular layer 2. Purkinje cell layer 3. granule cell layer
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17
Q

Location of molecular layer

A

most superficial

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18
Q

What lays within the molecular layer?

A

It has a low neuron cell body density but has two types of inhibitory neurons: stellate & basket cells. It does contain the large Dendritic arborizations of Purkinje cells. And two sets of afferent fibers

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19
Q

How are Dendritic arborizations positioned within the molecular layer?

A

Dendritic arborizations lie in a Single plane which is perpendicular to long axis of folia, which are the gyri of the cerebellar cortex

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20
Q

What are the two types of afferent fibers in molecular layer?

A
  1. Parallel fibers
  2. Climbing fibers
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21
Q

descriptive features of parallel fibers

A

Unmyelinated Granule cell axons Each runs 5 mm along (parallel to) long axis of folium

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22
Q

descriptive features of climbing fibers

A

wrapping around individual Purkinje cell dendritic trees

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23
Q

Which layer is the middle layer?

A

Purkinje Cell Layer

24
Q

Purkinje neurons

A

neurons are Inhibitory (GABA mediated) to the deep nuclei and some axons will exit the cerebellum

25
Q

Where is granular layer oriented

A

the innermost layer

26
Q

Features of the tightly packed granular cells

A

Axons ascend into molecular layer to form parallel fibers Each is excitatory (glutamate) on >500 Purkinje cells

27
Q

inhibitory interneurons in granular layer

A

Golgi cells

28
Q

Two types of cerebellar inputs (think fibers)

A
  1. mossy fibers
  2. climbing fibers
29
Q

Which of two cerebellar inputs is most numerous

A

mossy

30
Q

Excitatory neurotransmittor acting at mossy fiber synapse

A

glutamate

31
Q

Excitatory neurotransmittor acting at climbing fiber synapse

A

aspartate

32
Q

The EPSPs of Mossy fibers end primarily on ________

A

granule cells

(and golgi cells)

33
Q

axons of granule cells form what and where do they travel to?

A

form parallel fibers travel to molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

34
Q

What do the parallel fibers synapse with and what type of synapse is it?

A

synapse with glutaminergic excitatory endings on the dendrites of Purkinje cells Each produces small, single short duration EPSPs which summate to activate the Purkinje cells

35
Q

Where do Mossy fibers enter cerebellum?

A

Enter mostly thru inferior & middle cerebellar peduncles (few thru superior peduncle)

36
Q

Where do Mossy fibers originate from? (4)

A
  1. Vestibular primary afferent fibers via inferior peduncle
  2. Vestibular nuclei via inferior peduncle
  3. Spinal cord (spinocerebellar tracts) via mostly inferior peduncle (ventral SCT via superior peduncle)
  4. Cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei & pontocerebellar fibers (middle peduncle)
37
Q

What do Mossy fibers end on?

A

Golgi cells- inhibitory interneurons

(and granule cells)

38
Q

Which of the cerebellar input fibers has the most direct to Purkinje cells

A

climbing fibers

39
Q

What originates from contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

A

climbing fibers

40
Q

What do climbing fibers produce?

A

large EPSPs which produce bursts of Purkinje cell action potential activity

41
Q

What type of input do Mossy fibers provide

A

widespread and generalized

42
Q

What type of input do climbing fibers provide

A

very specific

43
Q

ratio of Purkinje cells and single climbing fibers- receiving and innervation

A

Each Purkinje cell receives single climbing fiber Each climbing fiber to 1-3 Purkinje cells

44
Q

Why do I care about ratio of Purkinje cells and single climbing fibers?

A

It is because of the ratio that the input from climbing fibers is very specific

45
Q

Which fibers provide feedback and which provide feed foward?

A

climbing fibers = feed foward

mossy fibers = feed back

46
Q

Route that info travels for feed foward

A

Provide feed forward signals from cerebral cortex to the cerebellum via cortico-olivary and olivocerebellar fibers

47
Q

Route that info travels for feed back

A

feedback signals from spinal, vestibular & other inputs

48
Q

What innervates golgi cells ?

A

both mossy & parallel fibers

49
Q

What do Golgi cells inhibit?

A

Inhibitory action (GABA) on granule cell dendrites

50
Q

Golgi cell role in feed forward and feeback

A

produces both feed forward (via mossy fibers) and feedback (via parallel fibers) inhibition of granule cells. So feed forward and feedback information can be both excitatory and inhibitory in nature

51
Q

Function of Basket Cells

A

Inhibitory action (GABA) on Purkinje cells

52
Q

Function of Stellate Cells

A

Inhibitory action (GABA) on Purkinje cells

53
Q

Prolonged inhibition produced by Basket and Stellate cells

A

related to associative learning in cerebellum

54
Q

How does outflow of cerebellar cortex occur?

A

via Purkinje neurons and GABAminergic IPSPs (inhibitory potentials) on Deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei, (the outputs to the vestibular nuclei are via Purkinje cells of the Vestibulocerebellum)

55
Q

What modulates the principle outputs from cerebellum coming from the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

modulated by mossy and climbing fibers collaterals to deep cerebellar nuclei

56
Q

How do mossy and climbing fibers modulate outputs?

A

They create an excitatory drive which is sculpted by the inhibitory influence of the Purkinje neurons The resulting level of excitation/inhibition allows for the neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei to influence or not the structures to which the cerebellar efferents project

57
Q

Who is MaryBeth’s favorite president?

A

Rutherford B Hayes- mostly just because his wife was nicknamed Lemonade Lucy

PHTH 7303 Neuro (89 decks)

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