Exam 2- week 7 ppt 7 Cerebral Vasculature: Ant and Post Cerebral Arteries and Clinical Correlations

Question 1

Anterior cerebral artery: penetrating branches

Answer 1

~medial striate artery is the predominant penetrating branch of the anterior cerebral artery
~supplies the head of the caudate nucleus including nucleus accumbens and the anterior portion of the internal capsule

Question 2

Anterior cerebral artery: cortical branches (what are the major branches)

Answer 2

~medial oribitofrontal
~callosomarginal
~pericallosal

Question 3

Anterior cerebral artery: cortical branches (details)

Answer 3

~Supply the anterior ¾ths of medial surface of cerebral hemisphere & anterior ⅘ths of the corpus callosum

Question 4

Posterior cerebral arteries are the terminal branches of the

Answer 4

vertebrobasilar system

Question 5

Posterior Cerebral Artery: cortical branches supply

Answer 5

~inferior and medial temporal gyri (including parahippocampal gyrus)
~medial occipital lobes (visual cortex)

Question 6

Posterior Cerebral Artery: penetrating branches supply

Answer 6

(thalamogeniculate)

~supply portions of the midbrain and thalamus

Question 7

the internal capsule is nourished by

Answer 7

~lenticulostriate arteries of the middle cerebral artery
~penetrating branches of the anterior cerebra artery (medial striate)
~anterior choroidal artery (a branch of the Internal carotid artery)

Question 8

the basal ganglia is nourished by

Answer 8

~lenticulostriate arteries of the middle cerebral artery
~anterior choroidal artery
~penetrating branches of the anterior cerebral artery (medical striate)

Question 9

Occlusion of the superior division of middle cerebral artery

Answer 9

~produce damage to the lateral parietal, frontal lobe
~Symptoms include: contralateral motor and sensory deficits, eye movement deficits, and motor aphasia (if it is the left superior division that is occluded)

Question 10

Occlusion of the inferior division of middle cerebral artery

Answer 10

~prevents blood flow to the lateral part of temporal lobe and part of occipital lobe
~Symptoms include sensory (or receptive) aphasia if dominant hemisphere occluded, and deficits in visuospatial deficits if nondominant hemisphere occluded
~could be forms of auditory impairments (such as problems in naming auditory stimuli or localizing auditory stimuli) but not deafness because auditory input to the cerebral cortex is bilateral

Question 11

Which is more common: occlusion of middle or anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 11

middle cerebral artery

Question 12

What is damaged during an anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 12

~Medial aspects of frontal and parietal lobes
~Cingulate gyrus
~the Corpus callosum

Question 13

What are the symptoms of an occlusion of an anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 13

~Contralateral motor and sensory deficits that are most severe in the lower extremity
~Behavioral changes due to loss of pre-frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

Question 14

What structures are affected by an occlusion to the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 14

~primary visual cortex
~some secondary visual cortex
~parahippocampal gyrus

Question 15

What symptoms are affected by an occlusion to the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 15

~loss of vision in the contralateral 1/2 of visual field of each eye
~may be sparing of foveal vision (macular sparing)
~Memory deficits because of damage to parahippocampal area & hippocampus

Question 16

Occlusion of the internal carotid artery

Answer 16

(Carotid border syndrome)
~occurs with occlusion of 70% or more of the internal carotid artery
~Blood flow to the distal territories is decreased, but not eliminated
~symptoms such ascomplete contralateral numbness and weakness