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Pharmacology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

0
Q

Suppress GH, IGF1, serotonin and GI peptides
ACROMEGALY, PIT ADENOMA
Carcinoid Gastrinoma Glucagonona
Variceal bleeding

A

Octreotide

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1
Q

Inc IGF1 release in liver and cartilage
GH DEFICIENCY
Short stature, failure to thrive, AIDS wasting
Performance enhancing drug

A

Somatotropin

GH analog

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2
Q

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

A

Ovarian enlargement
Ascites
Hypovolemia to shock

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3
Q

OVARIAN STIMULATION
INFERTILITY
WOF ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome multiple pregnancies gynecomastia

A

Follitropin alfa

FSH analog

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4
Q

OVARIAN INDUCTION
HYPOGONADOTROPIC GONADISM
WOF ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome multiple pregnancies gynecomastia

A

Choriogonadotropin alfa

LH analog

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5
Q

Inc LH and FSH with intermittent
Dec LH and FSH with continuous
OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION
ENDOMETRIOSIS Myoma uteri Precocious puberty Prostate ca
WOF TEMPORARY EXACERBATION OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

A

Leuprolide

GnRH analog

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6
Q

PREVENTS PREMATURE LH SURGE in ovarian stimulation Prostate ca without tumor flare up

A

Ganirelix
GnRH antagonist

WOF Hypersensitivity ABARELIX

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7
Q

Partial agonist at D2 receptor
Inhibits prolactin release
HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, PARKINSONS

A

Bromocriptine

Dopamine agonist

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8
Q

LABOR INDUCTION
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE
WOF fetal distress placental abruption uterine rupture fluid retention

A

Oxytocin

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9
Q

CDI Hemophilia A von Willebrand disease

A

Desmopressin

ADH agonist

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10
Q

DI

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Hypernatremia

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11
Q

SIADH

HYPONATREMIA

A

Conivaptan

ADH antagonist

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12
Q

Thyroid Hormone synthesis

A

Transport
Organification
Coupling
Proteolysis

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13
Q

HYPOTHYROIDISM

MYXEDEMA COMA

A

Levothyroxine

TH

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14
Q

Progressive weakness, stupor
Hypothermia
Hypoventilation
Hypoglycemia Hyponatremia Hypovolemia

A

Myxedema Coma
Untreated Hypothyroidism
- Levothyroxine

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15
Q

HYPERTHYROIDISM
THYROID STORM
in pregnant women
WOF fulminant hepatitis agranulocytosis

A

PTU

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16
Q

HYPERTHYROIDISM
WOF cholestatic jaundice altered taste and smell agranulocytosis
Prenatal exposure cuses APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA

A

Methimazole

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17
Q

Acute severe neutropenia

Sore throat or high fever

A

Agranulocytosis

- GCSF

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18
Q

WOF HYPOTHYROIDISM
preferred definitive treatment
CI pregnant and lactating

A

RAI 131

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19
Q

Reduce size and vascularity of thyroid
PRE THYROIDECTOMY
WOF IODISM
Prenatal exposure causes FETAL GOITER

A

Potassium iodide

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20
Q

Ingestion of iodine causes
HYPOthyroidism
HYPERthyroidism

A

Wolf Chaikoff

Jod Basedow

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21
Q

Inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
HYPERTHYROIDISM
THYROID STORM
Does not alter thyroid hormone levels

A

Propanolol

Thyrotoxicosis related arrhythmias - Esmolol

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22
Q

Inhibit peripheral T4 to T3

A

PTU
Propanolol
Hydrocortisone

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23
Q

Drug induced hyperthyroidism

A

Clofibrate
Amiodarone
Methadone

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24
Q

Amiodarone induced thyroid disease
HYPO
HYPER

A

Levothyroxine

Thioamides or corticosteroids

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25
Q

Stronger anti inflammatory effect

A

Glucocorticoids

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26
Q

ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

Insect bites THYROID STORM Status asthmaticus

A

Hydrocortisone

SA glucocorticoid

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27
Q

Adrenal suppression Growth inhibits

Glucose intolerance Salt retention Osteoporosis

A

Prednisone

glucocorticoid

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28
Q

Strong agonist of mineralocorticoid receptors. Moderate agonist of glucocorticoid receptors
CHRONIC ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
CAH Adrenal replacement therapy

A

Fludrocortisone

Mineralocorticoid

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29
Q

MCC Cushing’s syndrome

A

Exogenous steroid intake

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30
Q

Inhibits desmolase
CUSHING SYNDROME Breast Ca
Abused by body builders

A

Aminogluthetimide

glucocorticoid inhibitor

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31
Q

Azole antifungal
ADRENAL CARCINOMA
WOF HEPATOTOXICITY

A

Ketoconazole

glucocorticoid inhibitor

32
Q

Selective inhibitor of steroid 11 hydroxylation
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
DOC PREGNANT WITH CUSHING’S

A

Metyrapone

33
Q

Primary hypogonadism
Post menopausal hormone replacement therapy
WOF BREAKTHROUGH BLEEDING HYPERTG HYPERTENSION DVT ENDOMETRIAL CA

A

Ethinyl estradiol

34
Q

CLEAR CELL VAGINAL ADENOCARCINOMA

A

Diethylstilbestrol

Non steroid

35
Q

Hormone replacement therapy
Contraception
Assisted reproduction Anovulation induction
PREVENTS ESTROGEN INDUCED ENDOMETRIAL CA
WOF dec HDL, reversible dec in bone mineral density

A

Norgestrel

Appetite stimulant - Megestrol

36
Q

Primary action of hormonal contraceptives

A

Inhibition of ovulation

37
Q

ACNE CONTRACEPTION ENDOMETRIOSIS

WOF BREAST CA earlier onset

A

Estradiol + Norethindrone

COC

38
Q

WOF delayed return of fertility

Prevents conception by altering cervical mucus and hostile endometriun

A

Medroxyprogesterone acetate
IM DMPA
Progestin only

39
Q

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION

YUZPE 72 hrs

A

Levonorgestrel

40
Q

Estrogen antagonist action on breast and CNS. Estrogen agonist in uterus, liver and bone
HORMONE RESPONSIVE BREAST CA
WOF ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA/CA

A

Tamoxifen

SERM

41
Q

Estrogen antagonist action on breast and CNS. Estrogen agonist in liver and bone
BREAST CA PREVENTION

A

Raloxifene

SERM

42
Q

Partial agonist of estrogen receptors in pituitary. Inc FSH and LH
WOF MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES OVARIAN ENLARGEMENT

A

Clomiphene

SERM

43
Q

Inhibit aromatase
BREAST CA RESISTANT TO TAMOXIFEN
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

A

Anastrozole

Estrogen synthesis inhibitor

44
Q

ENDOMETRIOSIS
Fibrocystic disease
CI pregnancy and BF

A

Danazol

Antiandrogen

45
Q

Glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor antagonist
MEDICAL ABORTION
CUSHING’S SYNDROME
May cause sepsis due to Clostridium sordelli

A

Mifepristone RU 486

46
Q

Male hypogonadism
Wasting syndrome
WOF virilization in women and paradoxical feminization in men

A

Testosterone

47
Q

Inc ratio if anabolic to androgenic activity
Performance enhancement in athletes
WOF HCC CHOLESTATIC JAUNDICE

A

Oxandrolone

Anabolic steroid

48
Q

Prostate ca
SURGICAL CASTRATION
Add leuprolide to prevent prostate ca flare up

A

Nilutamide

Androgen antagonist

49
Q

Hirsutism
DEC SEX DRIVE IN MEN
orphan drug status

A

Cyproterone

Androgen antagonist

50
Q

Inhibit 5a eeductase

BPH Male pattern baldness

A

Finasteride

Androgen synthesis inhibitor

51
Q

Transporter for insulin mediated glucose uptake in muscle and adupose

A

GLUT4

52
Q

Rapid insulin

A

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

53
Q

Short insulin

A

Regular

54
Q

Int insulin

A

NPH

Lente

55
Q

LA insulin

A

Ultralente

56
Q

Ultra LA insulin

A

Glargine
Detemir
Lantus

57
Q

Hypoglycemia
Neuroglycopenic sx
Neurogenic sx

A

Changes in consciousness and behavior

Adrenergic and cholinergic

58
Q

More prone to developing hypoglycemia in insulin use

A

Renal disease
Elderly
<7 yo

59
Q

When the evening dose of int insulin is high, hypoglycemia develops around 3 am
PreBF hypogly
Tx dec evening dose

A

Somogyi effect

60
Q

When the evening dose of int insulin is low, hypoglycemia develops around 3 am and 7 am
Tx: inc evening dose

A

Waning insulin dose

61
Q

Insulin sensitivity low between 6 am and 7 am due to GH spike
Normal 3 am glucose
Mild hyperglycemia in the morning

A

Dawn phenomenon

62
Q

Hyperglycemia in 3 am < 7 am

Tx: inc evening dose

A

Waning + dawn

63
Q

Period in type 1 DM when exogenous insulin requirements dec due to inc in endogenous insulin production
Followed by total lack of insulin production

A

Honeymoon period

64
Q

Most physiologic insulin strategy

A

Basal Bolus

65
Q

Closure of K channels in pancreatic B cell membrane

Type II DM

A

Insulin Secretagogues

66
Q

WOF HYPOGLYCEMIA WEIGHT GAIN DISULFIRAM

A

Chlororopramide

1st gen sulfonylureas

67
Q

WOF less hypoglycemia weight gain

CI hepatic and renal disease

A

Glipizide
WOF cholestatic jayndice glibenclamide

2nd gen sulfonylureas

68
Q

POSTPRANDIAL HYPERGLYCEMIA
SULFA ALLERGIES
Least incidence of hypoglycemia - for CKD patients

A

Nateglinide

Insulin secretagogue

69
Q

Reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels
Inhibit hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis
FIRST LINE T2DM
DOC OBESE DM

A

Metformin

biguanide

70
Q 
Regulates gene expression by binding to PPAR gamma
Diabetes prevention
WOF CHF
DEC HDL INC LDL INC TG
reduces mortality in MI and stroke
A

Pioglitazone

Thiazolidinediones

71
Q

Inhibits intestinal a glucosidases
WOF GI disturbance
Minor glucose lowering benefit

A

Acarbose

72
Q

Amylin analog with anoretic effect

Adjunct to insulin

A

Pramlintide

73
Q

Incretin modulator GLP1 agonist producing satiety

Adjunct to metformin or sulfonylurea

A

Exenatide

74
Q

Incretin modulator DPP4 inhibitor

A

Sitagliptin

75
Q

Inhibits GI and pancreatic lipases

Rebound weight gain upon discontinuation

A

Orlistat

76
Q

Inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake
Anorectic wffect
WOF hpn, MI, stroke

A

Sibutramine

77
Q

Block CB-1 receptor
Anorectic effect
WOF SUICIDALITY DEPRESSION

A

Rimonabant

78
Q

Severe hypoglycemia

B blocker overdose

A

Glucagon

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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