Diazepam (Valium)

Question 1

Diazepam Classification

Answer 1

Anticonvulsant/Sedative/Benzodiazepine/Anxiolytic

Question 2

Diazepam Mechanism

Answer 2

Positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptors -> Binds to benzodiazepine receptor site on Cl- channels and potentiates the binding and effects of GABA (increased Cl- = hyperpolarization of the cell)

Question 3

Diazepam Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

Onset: 1-5min IV, 15-30min IM
Peak Effects: 10min IV, 30-45min IM
Duration: 15-60min
Half Life: 20-50h

Question 4

Diazepam Indications

Answer 4

• Major Motor seizures
• Acute anxiety
• Premed for cardioversion or TCP

Question 5

Diazepam Contraindications

Answer 5

Hypersensitivity

Question 6

Diazepam Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Answer 6

Hypotension, hallucinations, drowsiness, amnesia, respiratory depression, blurred vision, AMS, N/V

Question 7

Diazepam Dose:

Answer 7

Adult:
Anxiety:  2-5mg slow IV IO
Seizures:  5-10mg slow IV IO
Sedative:  5-15mg slow IVIO
Pedi:
0.2mg/kg IV IO; max dose = 5mg

Question 8

Diazepam Precautions

Answer 8

• May cause CNS and respiratory depression

- Caution with acute EtOH intoxication

Question 9

Diazepam Drug Interactions

Answer 9

Additive effects with CNS depressants and EtOH