D4.1

Question 1

Define natural selection.

Question 2

Outline the observations and inferences that lead to the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Question 3

Outline the theory of evolution by natural selection as an example of inductive reasoning.

Question 4

Outline the theory of evolution by natural selection as an example of the correspondence, coherence and pragmatic theories of truth.

Question 5

State that natural selection has operated continuously over billions of years, resulting in the biodiversity of life.​

Question 6

Explain why natural selection can only function if there is variation in a species.

Question 7

Outline sources of genetic variation (mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction).

Question 8

Compare variation that results from mutation to that generated from sexual reproduction.

Question 9

State that species have the ability to produce more offspring than the environment can support.

Question 10

Use an example to illustrate the potential for overproduction of offspring in a population.

Question 11

State two evolutionary benefits of overproduction of offspring.

Question 12

Describe competition for resources as a consequence of overproduction of offspring.

Question 13

Define carrying capacity

Question 14

List examples of resources that may limit population size.

Question 15

Compare direct and indirect competition.

Question 16

Define selective pressure and density-independent.

Question 17

State example biotic and abiotic selective pressures.

Question 18

Outline how a selective pressure acts on the variation in a population.​

Question 19

Define adaptation and fitness.

Question 20

Explain the effect of the selective pressure on the more and less adapted individuals in a population.

Question 21

Explain adaptation as a consequence of natural selection. ​

Question 22

Distinguish between heritable and acquired characteristics.

Question 23

Explain why only heritable characteristics can be acted upon by natural selection.

Question 24

Outline the two major mechanisms of sexual selection in evolution of courtship behavior and anatomical features.

Question 25

Describe examples of sexual selection, including for color, size, and courtship behaviors.

Question 26

Outline the selective pressures for and against coloration in guppies.

Question 27

Summarize John Endler’s experiments with guppies which demonstrate selection for and against coloration in different habitats.

Question 28

Explain what models are and their purposes in science.

Question 29

Define gene pool, gene, allele and gene flow.

Question 30

Describe how it is possible for multiple gene pools to exist in a single species.

Question 31

Define allele frequency.

Question 32

Calculate allele frequency from gene pool data.

Question 33

Outline reasons when allele frequencies may be different in geographically isolated populations of the same species.

Question 34

Use a database to search for allele frequency of a human gene.​

Question 35

Outline “neo-Darwinism” as the integration of genetic inheritance and the mechanism of natural selection.

Question 36

State that change in the allele frequencies of a gene is evidence of evolution.

Question 37

List processes that can change allele frequency in a population.

Question 38

Explain how natural selection can lead to change in allele frequency in a gene pool. ​

Question 39

Outline the change in allele frequencies associated with stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.

Question 40

Use graphs to illustrate or identify stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.

Question 41

Outline an example of stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.​

Question 42

State the Hardy-Weinberg equations.

Question 43

Given data, calculate allele frequencies of a gene in a gene pool.

Question 44

Given data, calculate genotype frequencies of a gene in a gene pool.​

Question 45

List the conditions under which populations maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 46

Explain how comparison of allele frequencies between two isolated populations of the same species can serve as evidence that divergence is (or is not) occurring.

Question 47

Explain how comparison of allele frequencies between one population at two points in time can serve as evidence that evolution is (or is not) occurring.​

Question 48

Define artificial selection.

Question 49

Outline the mechanism of artificial selection in evolution of crop plants and domestic animals.

Question 50

Describe an example of artificial selection of a crop plant or domestic animal.​