C3.1

Question 1

Define system integration.

Question 2

Explain why system integration is needed to perform the functions of life.​

Question 3

Define tissue, organ and organ systems.

Question 4

Outline how integration occurs between and among tissues, organs and organ systems.

Question 5

Define emergent property.

Question 6

State an example of an emergent property for each level of biological organization within a multicellular organism.

Question 6

State the two primary mechanisms by which animals integrate organ systems.

Question 7

State the function of the brain.

Question 7

Compare the type of signal, transmission of signal, effector response, speed and duration of response between hormonal and nervous signals.

Question 8

Outline the role of blood in the transport of material and energy between organs.

Question 9

List sources of information input to the brain.

Question 9

Outline the processes of learning and memory in the brain. ​

Question 10

State that the spinal cord can only coordinate unconscious processes.​​​

Question 10

List organs of the central nervous system.

Question 10

Outline the two main tissues types of the central nervous system.

Question 11

Compare and contrast conscious and unconscious processing.

Question 12

List types of sensory receptors.

Question 13

Outline the function of sensory neurons.

Question 14

Outline the function of motor neurons.

Question 15

Define nerve.

Question 16

Describe the structures visible in a nerve transverse cross section.

Question 17

State that nerves can contain either or both sensory and motor neurons.

Question 18

Define reflex and reflex arc.

Question 19

Outline the input, processing and output of the pain reflex arc, including the role of receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons and effectors.

Question 20

Identify the cerebellum on a diagram of the human brain.

Question 21

State the function of the cerebellum.

Question 22

Define circadian rhythm.

Question 23

State the role of suprachiasmatic nuclei cells in the circadian rhythm.

Question 24

Outline how suprachiasmatic nuclei cells sense and respond to changes in light.

Question 25

State that melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland glands in preparation sleep.

Question 26

Outline the mechanism of action of melatonin as a signaling molecule.

Question 27

Outline the effects of melatonin on the body.

Question 28

State that epinephrine is secreted by adrenal glands in preparation for vigorous activity.

Question 29

Outline the mechanism of action of epinephrine as a signaling molecule.

Question 30

Outline the effects of epinephrine on the body, including: skeletal muscles, liver, bronchi and bronchioles, ventilation and heart rate, cardiac output, and vessel dilation.

Question 31

Outline the role of the hypothalamus as a link between nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 32

List body processes that are monitored by the hypothalamus.

Question 33

Draw a diagram to illustrate the structural relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary.

Question 34

State that the myogenic heart rate can be adjusted by neural and endocrine feedback mechanisms.

Question 35

Described the structures and functions of nervous tissue that can regulate heart rate, including the role of the medulla oblongata, sympathetic nerve, vagus nerve, baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.

Question 36

Outline the source and effect of epinephrine on heart rate.

Question 37

Outline factors that will increase heart rate.

Question 38

Outline factors that will decrease heart rate.

Question 39

State the effect of exercise on CO2 production.

Question 40

Outline the relationship between CO2 production and blood pH.

Question 41

Outline the feedback loop that regulates the rate of ventilation, including the role of chemoreceptors, brainstem, diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Question 42

Explain how and why hyperventilation occurs in response to exercise.​

Question 43

Outline the process of peristalsis of smooth muscle in the gut.

Question 44

Outline the role of the central and enteric nervous systems in movement of material into, through and out of the gut.

Question 45

List components of the movement of material into, through and out of the gut that are under voluntary and involuntary control. ​

Question 46

Contrast positive and negative tropism.

Question 47

Outline phototropism and gravitropism in roots and stems.​

Question 48

Outline the cause and consequence of positive phototropism in a plant shoot.​

Question 49

Define phytohormone.

Question 50

List examples of chemicals that function as phytohormones.

Question 51

Outline role of phytohormones in plant growth, development and response to stimuli. ​

Question 52

State two roles of the hormone auxin.

Question 53

Describe the mechanism of movement of auxin into and between plant cells. ​

Question 54

Explain how auxin concentrations allow for phototropism.

Question 55

Describe the mechanism of action of auxin in the phototropic response, including the role of H+ ions and cellulose crosslinks. ​

Question 56

Outline the source and transport of auxin and cytokinin in plants.

Question 57

Explain how root and shoot growth are regulated by the interaction of auxin and cytokinin. ​

Question 58

State the function of fruits.

Question 59

List changes that occur to a fruit as it ripens.

Question 60

Describe the positive feedback mechanism of fruit ripening.

Question 61

Outline why fruit ripening has evolved to be rapid and synchronized.​