D1.1 Flashcards
State that DNA replication is the production of exact copies of DNA with identical base sequences.
Outline the purposes of DNA replication.
Describe the meaning of “semi conservative” in relation to DNA replication.
Explain the role of complementary base pairing in DNA replication.
State why DNA strands must be separated prior to replication.
Outline the role of helicase in DNA replication.
Outline the role of DNA polymerases in DNA replication.
State that there are separate DNA polymerases for each stand of template DNA.
State the function of the PCR.
Outline the process of the PCR, including the use of primers, temperature changes and Taq polymerase.
Deduce the number and relative size of DNA fragments from the number of bands in an electrophoresis gel.
Outline the procedure for DNA electrophoresis.
Describe how and why DNA fragments separate during electrophoresis.
List applications of the PCR.
Outline the use of the PCR in testing for viral infection.
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of using the PCR test for viral infections.
Outline the process of DNA profiling.
List applications of DNA profiling.
Analyze a DNA profile to determine relatedness or forensic guilt.
List example sources of DNA that can be used in DNA profiling.
Identify the 5’ ends and 3’ ends of a strand of DNA.
Describe the formation of the covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides during DNA replication.
State that DNA polymerases can only add free nucleotides to an existing DNA strand.
State that DNA polymerases can only add the 5’ phosphate of a free nucleotide to the 3’ deoxyribose of the elongating strand.
Explain why replication is different on the leading and lagging strands of DNA.
Compare the pace and direction of replication on the leading and lagging strands of DNA.
Outline the formation of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
Explain the need for RNA primers in DNA replication.
Compare the number of RNA primers on the leading and lagging strands.
Outline the function of the enzyme DNA primase.
Outline the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase III.
Outline the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase I.
Explain why there are gaps between adjacent Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
Outline the function of the enzyme DNA ligase.
State the function of DNA proofreading.
Outline the process of DNA proofreading by DNA polymerase III.
