C4.1 Flashcards
Define population.
State what isolates populations of the same species.
Define sample.
Outline the purposes of sampling a population.
Define sampling error.
Describe the need for randomness in sampling procedures.
Compare sampling methods for sessile vs motile organisms.
Outline the use of quadrat sampling to estimate the population of a sessile organism.
Describe the method of capture- mark- release-recapture sampling to estimate the population of a motile organism.
List assumptions made about the population when using mark-recapture methods to estimate population size.
Outline use of the Lincoln index to estimate population size from mark-recapture data.
Define carrying capacity.
List examples of resources that may limit the carrying capacity of a population.
Outline population size control as an example of a negative feedback loop.
Distinguish between density- dependent and density- independent factors that control population size.
List examples of density- dependent factors that maintain population carrying capacity.
Outline examples of density- independent factors that maintain population carrying capacity.
State that species have the ability to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
Outline conditions in which populations can grow exponentially.
Explain the reasons for the pattern of sigmoid population growth curve.
Sketch and annotate a graph of the sigmoid and exponential growth curves.
Outline the use of a logarithmic scale when plotting change in population over time.
Outline a method for monitoring the population of yeast or duckweed over time.
Use data of yeast or duckweed population over time to compare observed and expected population growth curves.
Define intraspecific relationship.
Outline cause and effect of competition in a population.
Outline cause and effect of cooperation in a population.
List examples of competition and cooperation in plant and animal populations.
Define community.
Give an example of a community of organisms.
Outline the ecological interactions within biological communities. Include mutualistic (++), competition (–), predation (+-), herbivory (+-), parasitic and pathogenic interactions (+-).
State an example of mutualistic (++), competition (–), predation (+-), herbivory (+-), parasitic and pathogenic interactions (+-).
Outline the mutualistic relationship within root nodules in Fabaceae (legume family).
Outline the mutualistic relationship within mycorrhizae in Orchidaceae (orchid family).
Outline the mutualistic relationship of zooxanthellae in hard corals.
Define endemic and invasive species.
Outline the competition for resources in an example of endemic and invasive species.
Describe the effect of invasive species on the realized niche of an endemic species.
Explain the methodology and limitations of using a chi-square test to assess presence of interspecific competition in a community.
Explain the use of direct experimentation to assess the presence of interspecific competition in a community.
State the null and alternative hypothesis of the chi-square test of association between species in a community.
Use a contingency table to complete a chi-square test of association between species in a community.
Explain the typical dynamic equilibrium of populations of predator and prey.
Describe an example of an oscillating cycle of predator and prey population sizes.
Compare and contrast top-down and bottom-up control of populations in communities.
Define allelopathy.
Outline an example of allelopathy.
Define antibiotics.
Outline an example of the natural production and function of antibiotics.
