C4.1

Question 1

Define population.

Question 2

State what isolates populations of the same species.​

Question 3

Define sample.

Question 4

Outline the purposes of sampling a population.

Question 5

Define sampling error.

Question 6

Describe the need for randomness in sampling procedures.

Question 7

Compare sampling methods for sessile vs motile organisms.

Question 8

Outline the use of quadrat sampling to estimate the population of a sessile organism.

Question 9

Describe the method of capture- mark- release-recapture sampling to estimate the population of a motile organism.

Question 10

List assumptions made about the population when using mark-recapture methods to estimate population size.

Question 11

Outline use of the Lincoln index to estimate population size from mark-recapture data. ​

Question 12

Define carrying capacity.

Question 13

List examples of resources that may limit the carrying capacity of a population. ​​

Question 14

Outline population size control as an example of a negative feedback loop.

Question 15

Distinguish between density- dependent and density- independent factors that control population size.

Question 16

List examples of density- dependent factors that maintain population carrying capacity.

Question 17

Outline examples of density- independent factors that maintain population carrying capacity.

Question 18

State that species have the ability to produce more offspring than the environment can support.

Question 19

Outline conditions in which populations can grow exponentially.

Question 20

Explain the reasons for the pattern of sigmoid population growth curve.

Question 21

​Sketch and annotate a graph of the sigmoid and exponential growth curves.

Question 22

Outline the use of a logarithmic scale when plotting change in population over time.

Question 23

Outline a method for monitoring the population of yeast or duckweed over time.

Question 24

Use data of yeast or duckweed population over time to compare observed and expected population growth curves.

Question 25

Define intraspecific relationship.

Question 26

Outline cause and effect of competition in a population.

Question 27

Outline cause and effect of cooperation in a population.

Question 28

List examples of competition and cooperation in plant and animal populations.

Question 29

Define community.

Question 29

Give an example of a community of organisms.

Question 29

Outline the ecological interactions within biological communities. Include mutualistic (++), competition (–), predation (+-), herbivory (+-), parasitic and pathogenic interactions (+-).

Question 30

State an example of mutualistic (++), competition (–), predation (+-), herbivory (+-), parasitic and pathogenic interactions (+-).

Question 30

Outline the mutualistic relationship within root nodules in Fabaceae (legume family).

Question 31

Outline the mutualistic relationship within mycorrhizae in Orchidaceae (orchid family).

Question 32

Outline the mutualistic relationship of zooxanthellae in hard corals.

Question 33

Define endemic and invasive species.

Question 34

Outline the competition for resources in an example of endemic and invasive species.

Question 34

Describe the effect of invasive species on the realized niche of an endemic species.

Question 35

Explain the methodology and limitations of using a chi-square test to assess presence of interspecific competition in a community.

Question 36

Explain the use of direct experimentation to assess the presence of interspecific competition in a community.

Question 37

State the null and alternative hypothesis of the chi-square test of association between species in a community.

Question 38

Use a contingency table to complete a chi-square test of association between species in a community.​

Question 39

Explain the typical dynamic equilibrium of populations of predator and prey.

Question 40

Describe an example of an oscillating cycle of predator and prey population sizes.​

Question 41

Compare and contrast top-down and bottom-up control of populations in communities. ​

Question 42

Define allelopathy.

Question 43

Outline an example of allelopathy.

Question 44

Define antibiotics.

Question 45

Outline an example of the natural production and function of antibiotics.