D1.3 Flashcards
Define mutation.
Distinguish between base substitution, insertion and deletion mutations.
Define single- nucleotide polymorphism.
Compare the impact of base substitution mutation in coding and noncoding sequences of DNA.
Outline the impact of genetic code degeneracy on the effect of mutations.
Distinguish between same-sense, nonsense and mis-sense base substitution mutations.
Define “frameshift” mutation.
Outline the consequences of insertions and deletions on polypeptide structure and function.
Outline causes of gene mutation.
Define mutagen.
Discuss the impact of randomness of gene mutations.
State that no natural mechanism is known for making a deliberate change to a DNA sequence.
Distinguish between germ cells and somatic cells.
Compare the consequences of a germ cell versus somatic cell mutation.
Define genetic variation.
State the source of new alleles of a gene.
State that gene mutation is the original source of all genetic variation.
Distinguish between beneficial, neutral and harmful gene mutations.
State the function of gene knockout studies.
Outline the method scientists use to “knockout” genes.
Describe the process of gene editing using CRISPR Cas9.
Outline uses of CRISPR Cas9 gene editing.
Outline the ethical implications of gene editing.
Define “conserved sequence” of DNA.
List common examples of the products coded for by conserved sequences of DNA.
State two hypotheses that account for conserved sequences between species.
