D1.3

Question 1

Define mutation.

Question 2

Distinguish between base substitution, insertion and deletion mutations.​

Question 3

Define single- nucleotide polymorphism.

Question 4

Compare the impact of base substitution mutation in coding and noncoding sequences of DNA.

Question 5

Outline the impact of genetic code degeneracy on the effect of mutations.

Question 6

Distinguish between same-sense, nonsense and mis-sense base substitution mutations.

Question 7

Define “frameshift” mutation.

Question 8

Outline the consequences of insertions and deletions on polypeptide structure and function.

Question 9

Outline causes of gene mutation.

Question 10

Define mutagen.​

Question 11

Discuss the impact of randomness of gene mutations.

Question 12

State that no natural mechanism is known for making a deliberate change to a DNA sequence.​

Question 13

Distinguish between germ cells and somatic cells.

Question 14

Compare the consequences of a germ cell versus somatic cell mutation.

Question 15

Define genetic variation.

Question 16

State the source of new alleles of a gene.

Question 17

State that gene mutation is the original source of all genetic variation.

Question 18

Distinguish between beneficial, neutral and harmful gene mutations.

Question 19

State the function of gene knockout studies.

Question 20

Outline the method scientists use to “knockout” genes.

Question 21

Describe the process of gene editing using CRISPR Cas9.

Question 22

Outline uses of CRISPR Cas9 gene editing.

Question 23

Outline the ethical implications of gene editing.

Question 24

Define “conserved sequence” of DNA.

Question 25

List common examples of the products coded for by conserved sequences of DNA.

Question 26

State two hypotheses that account for conserved sequences between species.