D2.3

Question 1

Identify solvent and solutes of a solution.

Question 2

Define solvation.

Question 3

Explain why water is able to dissolve charged and polar molecules.

Question 4

Outline the solvation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.​​

Question 5

Define osmolarity, isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic.

Question 6

State the unit for concentration of a solute in a volume of solution.

Question 7

Outline the net movement of water between hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions.

Question 8

Compare the relative permeability of the plasma membrane to water and solutes.

Question 9

Define osmosis.

Question 10

State that osmosis is a form of passive transport.

Question 11

Explain what happens to cells when placed in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.

Question 12

Explain the change in mass and/or volume of plant tissues placed in either hypotonic or hypertonic solutions.

Question 13

Determine the concentration of solutes in a plant tissue given changes in plant tissue mass and/or length when placed in solutions of various tonicities.​

Question 14

State the effects of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on cells without a cell wall.

Question 15

Explain why tissue fluid in multicellular organisms must be isotonic to the cells of the tissue.

Question 16

Outline the role of the contractile vacuole in freshwater unicellular organisms.​

Question 17

Describe the strength and permeability of a cell wall.

Question 18

Explain the effects of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on cells with a cell wall with specific reference to turgor pressure and plasmolysis.

Question 19

State the effects of isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on human cells.

Question 20

Outline the use of “normal saline” in medical procedures.

Question 21

Define water potential.

Question 22

State the symbol and unit for water potential.

Question 23

State that pure 20° water at standard atmospheric pressure as a water potential of 0kPa.

Question 24

Outline factors that contribute to water potential in living systems.

Question 25

Explain the movement of water from higher to lower water potential.

Question 26

Describe the impact of solute potential and pressure potential on the total water potential of cells with walls.

Question 27

Explain why solute potentials can only range from 0kPa downwards.

Question 28

State that pressure potentials are generally positive inside cells.

Question 29

State a cell type in which the pressure potential is negative. ​

Question 30

Explain the movement of water in plant cells bathed in a hypotonic solution in terms of solute and pressure potentials.

Question 31

Explain the movement of water in plant cells bathed in a hypertonic solution in terms of solute and pressure potentials.​