D2.3 Flashcards
Identify solvent and solutes of a solution.
Define solvation.
Explain why water is able to dissolve charged and polar molecules.
Outline the solvation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.
Define osmolarity, isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic.
State the unit for concentration of a solute in a volume of solution.
Outline the net movement of water between hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions.
Compare the relative permeability of the plasma membrane to water and solutes.
Define osmosis.
State that osmosis is a form of passive transport.
Explain what happens to cells when placed in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
Explain the change in mass and/or volume of plant tissues placed in either hypotonic or hypertonic solutions.
Determine the concentration of solutes in a plant tissue given changes in plant tissue mass and/or length when placed in solutions of various tonicities.
State the effects of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on cells without a cell wall.
Explain why tissue fluid in multicellular organisms must be isotonic to the cells of the tissue.
Outline the role of the contractile vacuole in freshwater unicellular organisms.
Describe the strength and permeability of a cell wall.
Explain the effects of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on cells with a cell wall with specific reference to turgor pressure and plasmolysis.
State the effects of isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on human cells.
Outline the use of “normal saline” in medical procedures.
Define water potential.
State the symbol and unit for water potential.
State that pure 20° water at standard atmospheric pressure as a water potential of 0kPa.
Outline factors that contribute to water potential in living systems.
Explain the movement of water from higher to lower water potential.
Describe the impact of solute potential and pressure potential on the total water potential of cells with walls.
Explain why solute potentials can only range from 0kPa downwards.
State that pressure potentials are generally positive inside cells.
State a cell type in which the pressure potential is negative.
Explain the movement of water in plant cells bathed in a hypotonic solution in terms of solute and pressure potentials.
Explain the movement of water in plant cells bathed in a hypertonic solution in terms of solute and pressure potentials.
