A3.2 Flashcards
Define “taxonomy”
List the levels of classification in the traditional hierarchy of taxa
Outline the benefits of having a system of classification of organisms
List the levels of classification in the traditional hierarchy of taxa
Discuss limitations of the traditional classification system
Define “synapomorphies.”
Discuss advantages of a classification system that corresponds to evolutionary relationships
Define clade
identify a clade as a branch in a cladogram
List evidence used for placing organisms in a clade
Outline the relationship between time, evolutionary relationships and biological sequences (nitrogenous base or amino acid)
State the source of differences between biological sequences (nitrogenous base or amino acid)
State that DNA and amino acids sequences can be the basis for constructing cladograms
Outline the use of a “molecular clock” to determine time since divergence between two clades
Outline the relationship between time, evolutionary relationships and biological sequence (nitrogenous base or amino acid) similarities between species.
Define “parsimony” as used in a biological context
Outline how the principle of parsimony relates to evolutionary divergence between the members of a clade
Define “cladogram”
Outline what is represented by a “root”, “node” and “terminal branch” on a cladogram
Analyze a cladogram to deduce evolutionary relationships, common ancestry and clades
Explain why the development of cladistics lead to the reclassification of some species.
Outline the reason and evidence for the reclassification of the figwort family
List the three domains of life
Discuss evidence from rRNA base sequences that led to the reclassification of life from two cell types (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) to three domains
Interpret the tree diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between organisms of the three domains.
