A3.2

Question 1

Define “taxonomy”

Question 2

List the levels of classification in the traditional hierarchy of taxa

Question 3

Outline the benefits of having a system of classification of organisms

Question 4

List the levels of classification in the traditional hierarchy of taxa

Question 5

Discuss limitations of the traditional classification system

Question 6

Define “synapomorphies.”

Question 7

Discuss advantages of a classification system that corresponds to evolutionary relationships

Question 8

Define clade

Question 9

identify a clade as a branch in a cladogram

Question 10

List evidence used for placing organisms in a clade

Question 11

Outline the relationship between time, evolutionary relationships and biological sequences (nitrogenous base or amino acid)

Question 12

State the source of differences between biological sequences (nitrogenous base or amino acid)

Question 13

State that DNA and amino acids sequences can be the basis for constructing cladograms

Question 13

Outline the use of a “molecular clock” to determine time since divergence between two clades

Question 14

Outline the relationship between time, evolutionary relationships and biological sequence (nitrogenous base or amino acid) similarities between species.

Question 15

Define “parsimony” as used in a biological context

Question 16

Outline how the principle of parsimony relates to evolutionary divergence between the members of a clade

Question 17

Define “cladogram”

Question 18

Outline what is represented by a “root”, “node” and “terminal branch” on a cladogram

Question 19

Analyze a cladogram to deduce evolutionary relationships, common ancestry and clades

Question 20

Explain why the development of cladistics lead to the reclassification of some species.

Question 21

Outline the reason and evidence for the reclassification of the figwort family

Question 22

List the three domains of life

Question 23

Discuss evidence from rRNA base sequences that led to the reclassification of life from two cell types (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) to three domains

Question 24

Interpret the tree diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between organisms of the three domains.