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PRP2 > CVD - Hypertension > Flashcards

CVD - Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Stage 1 Hypertension? Clinical and home values?

A

Clinical: 140/90 or higher

Home: 135/85 or higher

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2
Q

Stage 2 Hypertension? Clinical and home values?

A

Clinical: 160/100 or higher

Home: 150/95 or higher

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3
Q

Stage 3 Hypertension? Clinical and home values?

A

Greater than 180/120 mmHg

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

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4
Q

What BP value and stage is considered medical emergency?

A

Stage 3 & over 180/120mmHg

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5
Q

How long should antihypertensives be taken before seeing effectiveness?

A

4 weeks

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6
Q

Hypertension treatment for under 55 year olds?

A

1) ACE or ARB

2) ACE or ARB + CCB/Thiazide

3) ACE/ARB + CCB + Thiazide

4) if potassium lower 4.5: + low dose Spironlactone

If potassium higher 4.5: + Alpha/Beta blocker

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7
Q

Hypertension treatment over 55 years or any age AFRICAN/CARRIBEAN?

A

1) CCB

2) CCB + ACE/ARB or Thiazides

3) CCB + ARB/ACE + Thiazides

4) If less than 4.5mmol/L -> Low dose Spironlactone

If over than 4.5mmol/L -> Alpha/Beta blocker

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8
Q

BP target 80+ pt? Clinical and Home values?

A

Clinical: 150/90 mmhg

Home: 145/85 mmhg or lower

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9
Q

Isolated systolic hypertension is common in?

A

60 Years +

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10
Q

ACE side effects?

A

C - Cough
H - Hyperkalaemia
H - Hepatic Failure
A - Angioedema
R - Renal Impairment
D - Dizziness/ Headache

ARB is the same but no cough/Angioedema

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11
Q

Diabetic BP target?

A

Below 140/80 mmHg

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12
Q

Diabetic BP range if Kidney, eye or cerebrovascular disease present

A

130/80

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13
Q

Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment?

A

ACE or ARB

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14
Q

Antihypertensive in Pregnancy? 1st line? 2nd line? 3rd line?

A

1st line: Labetalol

2nd line: Nifidipine

3rd line: Methyldopa

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15
Q

Methyldopa max dose?

A

3g adult max dose

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16
Q

Monitoring of pregnancy antihypertensive?

A

Monitor FBC & LFT for 6-12 weeks
&
If there’s unexplained fever

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17
Q

If Methyldopa is taken during pregnancy, why restart usual hypertensive med after birth? And when exactly?

A

Methyldopa can cause Depression

So within 2 days after birth start!!

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18
Q

ACE interactions increased risk of?

A

Increase risk of Renal Failure

Increased Hyperkalaemia

Increased risk of Volume Depletion

Increased levels of Lithium

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19
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers?

A

Bisoprolol
ATenolol
Metoprolol
Acebutanol
Nebivolol

BATMAN

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20
Q

Water soluble beta blockers?

A

Celiprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Sotalol

water CANS

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21
Q

What Betablockers given if pt is experiencing nightmares? And why?

A

Celiprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Sotalol

Reason is it less likely to cross BBB

22
Q

Where are water soluble Betablockers excreted?

A

Kidneys

23
Q

Intrinsic sympathetic beta blockers or COLD EXTREMETIES ONES?

A

Ice

Pindolol
Acebutolol
Celiprolol
Oxyprenolol

ICE PACO

24
Q

Betablocker side effects?

A
  • Bradycardia or HF
  • Masks signs of Hypoglycaemia
  • Can cause hyperglycaemia
  • Bronchospasms
25
Q

CCB Side effects?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Ginger Hyperplasia
  • Vasodilatory effects (Typical ccbs)
  • Av Blocks (Rlccb)
26
Q

Why are Rate limiting CCB not given in QT prolongation?

A

Cause AV blocks

27
Q

Pre-eclampsia - What should be used?

A

Aspirin from Week 12 Till birth

28
Q

WHAT Bp is classed as pre eclampsia?

A

Greater than 140/90

29
Q

Bp target for pre eclampsia?

A

135/85mmHg

30
Q

What is pre eclampsia?

A

Either
- New onset of BP over 140/90

& Co-existing condition: CKS, diabetes, autoimmune, chronic BP

Or

Two or more moderate factors:
First pregnancy, age 40+, pregnancy interval more than 10 years, BMI 35+, Family history, multiple pregnancies

31
Q

If a woman wishes to breastfeed postnatal period, which antihypertensive to take?

A

Enalapril

32
Q

If a BLACK woman wishes to breastfeed postnatal period, which antihypertensive to take?

A

Nifedipine

Or

Amlodopine (if they’ve had before)

33
Q

Advice breastfeeding while taking antihypertensive?

A

Monitor baby on:
-Hypertension
-Lethargy
-Drowsy
-Cold Peripheries
-Poor feeding

34
Q

What is given to females with pre eclampsia where birth considered in 7 days?

A

IM Betamethasone for foetal maturation

35
Q

2 Side effects of Hydralazine HCL (alone)?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Fluid Retention
36
Q

Disadvantages of Clonidine HCL?

A

Sudden withdrawal can cause severe rebound hypertension

37
Q

ACE & NSAIDS together is there a problem?

A

Yes -> Renal Damage

38
Q

Which ACE to take BD?

A

Captopril

39
Q

Which ACE 30-60mins before food

A

Perindopril

40
Q

Betablocker side effects in Angina?

A

Sudden withdrawal -> Exacerbate angina

Therefore gradual dose reduction required.

41
Q

Side effect of Sotalol?

A

QT Prolongation

42
Q

Betablocker stable in HF over 70 years?

A

Nebivolol

43
Q

Which 2 Betablockers reduce mortality in stable HF?

A

Bisoprolol & Carvedilol

44
Q

Which Betablocker can reverse symptoms clinical thyrotoxicosis in 4 days?

A

Propranalol

45
Q

Betablocker monitoring?

A

Lung function test

46
Q

Which CCB for anal fissure (chronic)?

A

Diltiazem HCL

47
Q

Overdose Diltiazem side effect?

A

Cardiac depressant -> Hypotension, Arrhythmias

48
Q

Diltiazem over 60mg prescribing info?

A

Brand Name needs to be prescribed over 60mg

49
Q

Which CCB can inhibit labour?

A

Lacidipine

50
Q

Nifedipine prescribed by?

A

Brand name

51
Q

Vasospastic Peripheral Vascular disease

RAYNAUDS TREATMENT?

A

AVOID COLD & SMOKING
&
NIFEDIPINE !!!!

PRP2 (74 decks)

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