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Today's Medical Assistant > CH # 7: Skeletal System > Flashcards

CH # 7: Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Slightly moveable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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2
Q

Bones that r attached 2 the body

Upper and lower extremities

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

Growth resulting from material being deposited on the surface

Example: the growth in diameter of long bones

A

Appositional growth

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4
Q

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the end of long bones in joints

A

Articular cartilage

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5
Q

A joint

The area of contact between 2 bones

A

Articulation

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6
Q

Bones of the head, neck and trunk

A

Axial skeleton

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7
Q

The long straight shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

2 names 4 a freely moveable joints characterized by a joint cavity

A

Diarthroses

Synovial joint

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9
Q

Membranous lining of a cavity w/in a bone

A

Endosteum

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10
Q

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate after the cartilage calcifies and growth ceases

A

Epiphyseal line

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11
Q

The cartilaginous plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a bone

Reponsible 4 the lengthwise growth of a long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

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12
Q

The end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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13
Q

Production of blood or its cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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14
Q

Bone-forming cells

Immature cells

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

Cells that destroy, break down, or resorb bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts

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16
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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17
Q

2 names 4 the formation of bone

A

Osteogenesis

Ossification

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18
Q

Structural unit of bone

Haversian system

A

Osteon

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19
Q

Attachment 4 the upper extremities in the chest region

Clavicle and scapula

A

Pectoral girdle

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20
Q

Attachment 4 the lower extremities

Bones collectively shaped like a basin

Ilium, ischium, pubis

A

Pelvic girdle

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21
Q

Tough white outer membrane that covers a bone

A

Periosteum

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22
Q

Immovable fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull

A

Sutures

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23
Q

Immovable joinst

A

Synarthroses

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24
Q

The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, tendons and ?

A

Ligaments

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25
Q

Bones r relatively light weight compared 2 their ?

A

Strength

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26
Q

What protects the heart and lungs?

A

Rib cage

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27
Q

Bones and muscles work 2gether 2 produce ?

A

Body movement

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28
Q

What mineral is needed 4 vital metabolic processes in the skeletal system?

A

Calcium

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29
Q

Fat is stored in the?

A

Yellow bone marrow

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30
Q

If a bone is not being used, the body doesn’t store as much calcium in it and the skeleton?

A

Weakens

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31
Q

In an adult, red marrow is only found in bones of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae and?

A

Pelvis

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32
Q

Blood cell 4mation is called?

A

Hematopoiesis

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33
Q

Blood cell 4mation takes place mostly in the?

A

Red bone marrow

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34
Q

The microscopic unit of compact bone is an?

A

Osteon

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35
Q

What is the balance of processes in the human body called?

A

Hemostasis

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36
Q

Concentric rings of calcified matrix that surrounds osteonic canals r called?

A

Lamellae

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37
Q

W/in both compact and spongy bone, osteons r round w/blood vessels in the center surrounded by a?

A

Hard matrix

38
Q

There r small channels through the matrix called?

A

Canaliculi

39
Q

Spongy (cancellous) bone consists of plates of bone called?

A

Trabeculae

40
Q

The thigh (femur), leg (fibula, tibia), and forarm (radius, ulna) r all part of what classification of bone?

A

Long bones

41
Q

The bones of the wrist and ankle r part of what classification of bone?

A

Short bones

42
Q

The sternum and most of the bones of the crainum r part of what classification of bone?

A

Flat bones

43
Q

The vertebrae r part of what classification of bone?

A

Irregular

44
Q

The shaft of a long bone is called?

A

Diaphysis

45
Q

What type of tissue is found in the medulla cavity?

A

Adipose

46
Q

The expanded portion at the end of a long bone is called?

A

Epiphysis

47
Q

Bones grow in length at the “growth plate” which is also called?

A

Epiphyseal plate

48
Q

Thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity is the?

A

Endosteum

49
Q

The process of bone 4mation is called?

A

Osteogenesis

50
Q

What type of cell division does the epiphyseal plate grows by?

A

Mitosis

51
Q

The skull is made up of how many bones

A

28

52
Q

The large opening on the lower surface of the occipital bone where the spinal cord passes through is called?

A

Foramen magnum

53
Q

What is the name of the depression that articulates w/the mandible?

A

Mandibular fossa

54
Q

Which bone projection helps form the prominence of the check?

A

Zygomatic process

55
Q

What is the protuberance behind the ear?

A

Mastoid process

56
Q

What bones form the upper jaw?

A

Maxillary bones

57
Q

Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard plate and lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine bones

58
Q

Lacrima means?

A

Tear

59
Q

What bones help 2 form the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

60
Q

What is the name of the U shaped bone in the neck located between the mandible and the larynx?

A

Hyoid bone

61
Q

The vertebral column consists of how many vertebrae?

A

26

62
Q

What is found between each pair of vertebrae, that allow the spine 2 bend?

A

Intervertebral discs

63
Q

What r the 2 vertebral columns curvatures convex anteriorly?

A

Cervical and lumbar

64
Q

What r the 2 vertebral columns curvatures concave anteriorly?

A

Thoracic and sacral

65
Q

How many cervical vertebrae r there?

A

7

66
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae r there?

A

12

67
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae r there?

A

5

68
Q

The part of the vertebra can b felt from the back is?

A

Spinous process

69
Q

Which part of the vertebrae project laterally from the vertebral arch?

A

Transverse processes

70
Q

What part of the vertebra does the spinal cord run?

A

Vertebral foramen

71
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

Sacrum

72
Q

What is the tailbone called?

A

Coccyx

73
Q

The sternum is connected 2 the ribs by the?

A

Costal cartilage

74
Q

The top part of the sternum that articulates w/the clavicles and the 1st 2 pairs of the ribs is called?

A

Manubrium

75
Q

What is the name of the inferior notch of the sternum?

A

Xiphoid process

76
Q

Which ribs meet the sternum indirectly by joining w/cartilage of the ribs above?

A

Vertebrochondral

77
Q

The shoulder is formed by the articulation of the clavicle, acromian process of the scapula and the top of the?

A

Humerous

78
Q

The head of the humorous articulates w/a depression in the scapula called the?

A

Glenoid cavity

79
Q

Which fossa is where the ulna fits w/the humerus 2 form the elbow joint?

A

Olecranon fossa

80
Q

There r various words 4 protrusions of bones, including the tubercle, process, condyle, epicondyle, and?

A

Tuberosity

81
Q

What is the name of the large depression where the 3 bone of the pelvic girdle meet?

A

Acetabulum

82
Q

The greater and lesser trochanters r sites 4?

A

Muscle attachment

83
Q

Which lower leg bone is on the lateral side of the leg?

A

Fibula

84
Q

Which lower leg bone is on the medial side of the leg?

A

Tibia

85
Q

Which projection is at the distal end of the tibia and forms the medial bulge of the ankle?

A

Medial malleolus

86
Q

Which ankle bone articulates w/the tibia?

A

Talus

87
Q

The bones of the toes r called?

A

Phalanges

88
Q

The knee cap is also called the?

A

Patella

89
Q

Immovable joints like the sutures of the skull r called?

A

Synarthroses

90
Q

Slightly moveable joints like the symphysis pubis r called?

A

Amphiarthroses

Today's Medical Assistant (46 decks)

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