CH # 30: Urinanalysis Flashcards by Mary Best

Failure of the kidneys 2 produce urine

Anuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The presence of bilirubin in the urine

Bilirubinuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The passing of a sterile catheter through the urethra and in2 the bladder 2 remove urine

Bladder catheterization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Secretion and passage of large amounts of urine

Diuresis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Difficult or painful urination

Dysuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The condition of having 2 urinate often

Frequency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The presence of glucose in the urine

If the level in the blood is 2 high the kidneys can’t reabsorb it all back in2 the blood which exceeds the renal threshold causing it 2 spill in2 the urine

Renal threshold is usually 160-180 mg/dL

Glyosuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood present in the urine

Hematuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The presence of ketone bodies in the urine

Ketonuria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An accumulation of large amounts of ketone bodies in the tissues and body fluids

Ketosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The act of voiding urine

Micturition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The functional unit of the kidney

Nephron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Excessive (voluntary) urination during the night

Nocturia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 names 4 the inability of an individual 2 control urination at night during sleep

Nocturnal enuresis

Bedwetting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Decreased or scanty output of urine

Oliguria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The unit that describes the activity or alkalinity of a solution

Scale ranges from 0.0-14.0 (7.0 is neutral)
Lower # means greater acidity
Higher # means more alkalinity

Increased output of urine

Polyuria

The presence of protein in the urine

Proteinuria

Presence of pus in the urine

Pyuria

The concentration at which a substance in the blood that is not normally excreted by the kidneys begins 2 appear in the urine

Renal threshold

The inability 2 empty the bladder

The urine is being produced normally but is not being voided

Rentention

The weight of a substance compared w/the weight of an equal volume of a substance known as the standard

In urinalysis, it refers 2 the measurement of the amount of dissolved substances present in the urine compared w/the same amount of distilled water

Normal range is 1.003-1.010

Dilute: fewer dissolved substances=lower #
Concentrated: more dissolved substances=higher #

Specific gravity

The clear liquid that remains at the top after a precipitate has settled

Supernatant

The passing of a sterile needle through the abdominal wall in2 the bladder 2 remove urine

Suprapubic aspiration

The immediate need 2 urinate

Urgency

The physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of urine If can't test w/in 1 hour, refrigerate and then must b returned 2 room temperature b4 testing can b done because: 1) bacteria in environment can alter test results 2) bacteria multiply causing a cloudy specimen and an increase in the nitrate level 3) microorganisms consume glucose altering levels in container 4) both RBC's and WBC's will break down 5) casts decompose after several hours

Urinalysis

The inability 2 retain urine

Urinary incontinence

2 empty the bladder

Void

1) 30-50 mL of urine 2) label: name, DOB, date and time of collection 3) document all medications 4) must b done w/menstruation +3 days or false + 4 hematuria 5) convey understanding and patience 6) use another collection method 4 kids

Guidelines 4 urine collection

A type of specimen collection The MA instructs the patients 2 p in a clean, dry, wide-mouthed container and urine is tested immediately at the medical office

Random specimen

A type of specimen collection The patient is instructed 2 collect the 1st morning's p and then refrigerate it until it is taken 2 the lab. This specimen contains the highest concentration of dissolved substances.

First-voided morning specimen

A type of specimen collection The MA instructs the patient 2 clean the area surrounding the meatus and 2 p a small amount of urine in2 the toilet which flushes out microorganisms in the distal urethra.Then p in2 the cup but stop b4 your done peeing and then finishing peeing in2 thew toilet. Used 2 detect UTI's or an evaluation of drug effectiveness

Clean-catch midstream specimen

1) fully instruct patient in cleaning and collecting specimen 2) label: name, DOB, date, time of collection and method of collection 3) immediately test or refrigerate specimen 4) complete all laboratory forms 5) sanatize hands and record date and time specimen was sent out

Guidelines 4 clean-catch midstream specimen

A type of specimen collection Used 4 quantitive measurements of specific urinary components, gives greater accuracy of measurement than a random specimen, used in the diagnosis of kidney stones formation, or a creatine test on kidney function. Substances measured: calcium, cortisol, lead, potassium, protein and urea nitrogen Uses wide-mouthed container (3000 mL) and it must b kept refrigerated but a small container is used in the bathroom collection and then added 2 the large container in the frige. Preservative in container will cause chemical burn on contact. Give patient instructions on collection and an avoidance of alcohol for 24 hours preceding test

24 hour urine collection

Includes determination of color, appearance and specific gravity Appearance: clear, slightly cloudy, cloudy or very cloudy Odor: normal is slightly aromatic Gravity: normal is between 1.003-1.010

Physical examination of urine

A type of physical examination of urine Normal: colorless 2 dark yellow Dilute urine: lighter in yellow

Color

Used 2 assist in the evaluation and diagnosis of kidney function, UTI, carbohydrate metabolism and liver function Routine urinalysis checks pH, glucose, protein and ketone Can b done: blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrate and leukocytes Involves the use of qualitative and quantitative tests

Chemical examination of urine

A type of chemical examination test Indicate weather a substance is present in the urine and its amount They r easy 2 perform and can b used 2 screen large numbers of patients

Qualitative tests

A type of chemical examination test Indicates the exact amount of a chemical substance in the body Involves the use of more complex equipment and testing procedures than what is in regular medical offices and takes more time 2 run tests

Quantitative tests