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Today's Medical Assistant > CH # 30: Urinanalysis > Flashcards

CH # 30: Urinanalysis Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Failure of the kidneys 2 produce urine

A

Anuria

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2
Q

The presence of bilirubin in the urine

A

Bilirubinuria

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3
Q

The passing of a sterile catheter through the urethra and in2 the bladder 2 remove urine

A

Bladder catheterization

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4
Q

Secretion and passage of large amounts of urine

A

Diuresis

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5
Q

Difficult or painful urination

A

Dysuria

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6
Q

The condition of having 2 urinate often

A

Frequency

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7
Q

The presence of glucose in the urine

If the level in the blood is 2 high the kidneys can’t reabsorb it all back in2 the blood which exceeds the renal threshold causing it 2 spill in2 the urine

Renal threshold is usually 160-180 mg/dL

A

Glyosuria

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8
Q

Blood present in the urine

A

Hematuria

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9
Q

The presence of ketone bodies in the urine

A

Ketonuria

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10
Q

An accumulation of large amounts of ketone bodies in the tissues and body fluids

A

Ketosis

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11
Q

The act of voiding urine

A

Micturition

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12
Q

The functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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13
Q

Excessive (voluntary) urination during the night

A

Nocturia

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14
Q

2 names 4 the inability of an individual 2 control urination at night during sleep

A

Nocturnal enuresis

Bedwetting

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15
Q

Decreased or scanty output of urine

A

Oliguria

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16
Q

The unit that describes the activity or alkalinity of a solution

Scale ranges from 0.0-14.0 (7.0 is neutral)
Lower # means greater acidity
Higher # means more alkalinity

A

pH

17
Q

Increased output of urine

A

Polyuria

18
Q

The presence of protein in the urine

A

Proteinuria

19
Q

Presence of pus in the urine

A

Pyuria

20
Q

The concentration at which a substance in the blood that is not normally excreted by the kidneys begins 2 appear in the urine

A

Renal threshold

21
Q

The inability 2 empty the bladder

The urine is being produced normally but is not being voided

A

Rentention

22
Q

The weight of a substance compared w/the weight of an equal volume of a substance known as the standard

In urinalysis, it refers 2 the measurement of the amount of dissolved substances present in the urine compared w/the same amount of distilled water

Normal range is 1.003-1.010

Dilute: fewer dissolved substances=lower #
Concentrated: more dissolved substances=higher #

A

Specific gravity

23
Q

The clear liquid that remains at the top after a precipitate has settled

A

Supernatant

24
Q

The passing of a sterile needle through the abdominal wall in2 the bladder 2 remove urine

A

Suprapubic aspiration

25
Q

The immediate need 2 urinate

A

Urgency

26
Q

The physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of urine

If can’t test w/in 1 hour, refrigerate and then must b returned 2 room temperature b4 testing can b done because:

1) bacteria in environment can alter test results
2) bacteria multiply causing a cloudy specimen and an increase in
the nitrate level
3) microorganisms consume glucose altering levels in container
4) both RBC’s and WBC’s will break down
5) casts decompose after several hours

A

Urinalysis

27
Q

The inability 2 retain urine

A

Urinary incontinence

28
Q

2 empty the bladder

A

Void

29
Q

1) 30-50 mL of urine
2) label: name, DOB, date and time of collection
3) document all medications
4) must b done w/menstruation +3 days or false + 4 hematuria
5) convey understanding and patience
6) use another collection method 4 kids

A

Guidelines 4 urine collection

30
Q

A type of specimen collection

The MA instructs the patients 2 p in a clean, dry, wide-mouthed container and urine is tested immediately at the medical office

A

Random specimen

31
Q

A type of specimen collection

The patient is instructed 2 collect the 1st morning’s p and then refrigerate it until it is taken 2 the lab.

This specimen contains the highest concentration of dissolved substances.

A

First-voided morning specimen

32
Q

A type of specimen collection

The MA instructs the patient 2 clean the area surrounding the meatus and 2 p a small amount of urine in2 the toilet which flushes out microorganisms in the distal urethra.Then p in2 the cup but stop b4 your done peeing and then finishing peeing in2 thew toilet.

Used 2 detect UTI’s or an evaluation of drug effectiveness

A

Clean-catch midstream specimen

33
Q

1) fully instruct patient in cleaning and collecting specimen
2) label: name, DOB, date, time of collection and method of
collection
3) immediately test or refrigerate specimen
4) complete all laboratory forms
5) sanatize hands and record date and time specimen was sent out

A

Guidelines 4 clean-catch midstream specimen

34
Q

A type of specimen collection

Used 4 quantitive measurements of specific urinary components, gives greater accuracy of measurement than a random specimen, used in the diagnosis of kidney stones formation, or a creatine test on kidney function.

Substances measured: calcium, cortisol, lead, potassium, protein and urea nitrogen

Uses wide-mouthed container (3000 mL) and it must b kept refrigerated but a small container is used in the bathroom collection and then added 2 the large container in the frige.

Preservative in container will cause chemical burn on contact.

Give patient instructions on collection and an avoidance of alcohol for 24 hours preceding test

A

24 hour urine collection

35
Q

Includes determination of color, appearance and specific gravity

Appearance: clear, slightly cloudy, cloudy or very cloudy
Odor: normal is slightly aromatic
Gravity: normal is between 1.003-1.010

A

Physical examination of urine

36
Q

A type of physical examination of urine

Normal: colorless 2 dark yellow
Dilute urine: lighter in yellow

A

Color

37
Q

Used 2 assist in the evaluation and diagnosis of kidney function, UTI, carbohydrate metabolism and liver function

Routine urinalysis checks pH, glucose, protein and ketone
Can b done: blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrate and leukocytes

Involves the use of qualitative and quantitative tests

A

Chemical examination of urine

38
Q

A type of chemical examination test

Indicate weather a substance is present in the urine and its amount

They r easy 2 perform and can b used 2 screen large numbers of patients

A

Qualitative tests

39
Q

A type of chemical examination test

Indicates the exact amount of a chemical substance in the body

Involves the use of more complex equipment and testing procedures than what is in regular medical offices and takes more time 2 run tests

A

Quantitative tests

Today's Medical Assistant (46 decks)

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