Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Today's Medical Assistant > CH # 5: Introduction To Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

CH # 5: Introduction To Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Process that moves substances across or through a membrane and requires cellular energy.

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Standard reference for the body

A

Anatomic position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Efferent process of a neuron

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cartilage cell

A

Chondrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strong and flexible connective tissue fibers that contain the protein collagen

A

Collagenous fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A type of epithelial membrane; skin.

A

Cutaneous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Division of the cell at the end of mitosis 2 form 2 separate daughter cells.

A

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treelike processes of a neuron; efferent processes.

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Movement of substances from a region of high concentration 2 a region of low concentration

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Yellow connective tissue fibers that are not particularly strong but can b stretched and will return 2 their normal shape when released

A

Elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Red blood cell

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Connective tissue cell produces fibers

A

Fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Branch of microscopic anatomy that studies tissues

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A normal stable condition in which the body’s internal environment remains the same; constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Study of human body shape and structure and the relationships of it’s parts

A

Human anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Study of the functions of humans and their separate parts

A

Human physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Large phagocytic connective tissue cell that functions in the immune response

A

Macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Connective tissue cell that produces heparin and histamine

A

Mast cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type of nuclear division in which the number found in a body cell; results in the formation of an egg or sperm

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord

A

Meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Process by which the nucleus of a body cell divides 2 form 2 new cells; each identical 2 the parent cell

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Epithelial membrane that lines the body cavities that open directly 2 the exterior; secretes mucus

A

Mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus

A

Negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Supporting cells of nervous tissue; cells in nervous tissue that do not conduct impulses; nerve “glue”

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nerve cell, including it’s processes; conducting cell of nervous tissue

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mature bone cell

A

Osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Process that moves substances across or through a membrane and does not require cellular energy

A

Passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Membrane that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Serous membrane associated with abdominopelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Condition of cell eating; a form of endocytosis in which solid particles are taken in2 the cell

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Condition of cell drinking; a form of endocytosis in which fluid droplets are taken in2 the cell

A

Pinocytosis

34
Q

Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

A

Pleura

35
Q

Epithelial membrane that lines closed body cavities

A

Serous membrane

36
Q

Membrane that lines the cavities of freely moving joints

A

Synovial membrane

37
Q

A formed element of the blood that functions in blood clotting; platelet

A

Thrombocyte

38
Q

Group of similar cells specialized 2 perform a certain function

A

Tissue

39
Q

How all the parts, from tiny cells 2 visible organs, work together to make a functioning whole

6 levels:

  • chemical
  • cellular
  • tissue
  • organ
  • body system
  • total organism
A

Levels of organization

40
Q

1 of 6 levels of organization

Interactions of the atoms and their combinations in2 molecules

A

Chemical level

41
Q

1 of 6 levels of organization

The basic living units of all organisms

About 75 trillion in the human body

A

Cells

42
Q

1 of 6 levels of organization

Cells w/similar structure and function r grouped together as these

4 types:

  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • nervous
A

Tissues

43
Q

1 of 6 levels of organization

2 or more tissue types that form a more complex structure and work together 2 perform 1 or more functions

A

Organs

44
Q

1 of 6 levels of organization

Consists of several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions

A

Body systems

45
Q

1 of 6 levels of organization

Made up of several systems that work together 2 maintain life

A

Total organism

46
Q

The human body has 11 of them:

  • integumentary
  • skeletal
  • muscular
  • lymphatic
  • digestive
  • respiratory
  • nervous
  • endocrine
  • cardiovascular
  • urinary
  • reproductive

Each have specific functions, are interrelated and work together 2 sustain life

A

Organ systems

47
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: skin, hair, nails, sweat, sebaceous glands

Covers and protects the body, regulates temperature, protects against water loss, contains sense receptors, synthesizes chemicals 2 b used in other parts of the body

A

Integumentary system

48
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: bones, cartilage, joints w/ligament and cartilage that bind bones together

Provides body framework and support, protects, attaches muscles 2 bones, provides calcium storage

Bone morrow w/in bones create blood

A

Skeletal system

49
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: muscles

Produces movement, maintains posture, primary source of heat, can store energy in the form of glycogen

A

Muscular system

50
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: lymph, lymph vessels, lymphoid organs

Returns tissue fluid 2 the blood, defends against disease

Sometimes considered 2 b part of the cardiovascular system

A

Lymphatic system

51
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines

Accessory organs include: pancreas, teeth, tongue, salivary
glands, liver, gallbladder

Ingests and digests food, absorbs nutrients in2 blood

A

Digestive system

52
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: air passageways(nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi) and lungs

Exchanges gases between blood and the external environment

A

Respiratory system

53
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: brain, spinel cord, nerves, sense receptors

Coordinates body activities, receives and transmits stimuli

A

Nervous system

54
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: all ductless glands that produce hormones

Regulates metabolic activities and body chemistry

A

Endocrine system

55
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: heart, blood vessels, blood

Transports material from 1 part of the body 2 another, defends against disease

A

Cardiovascular system

56
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Excretes metabolic wastes, regulates fluid balance and acid-base balance

A

Urinary system

57
Q

1 of 11 organ systems of the body

Includes: testes, ovaries, accessory structures

Forms new individuals 2 provide continuation of the human species

A

Reproductive system

58
Q

A directional term

Means that a part is above another part or closer 2 the head

Opposite: inferior

A

Superior

59
Q

A directional term

Means a part is below another part or closer 2 the feet

Opposite: superior

A

Inferior

60
Q

A directional term

Means toward the front surface

Opposite: posterior

A

Anterior / Ventral

61
Q

A directional term

Means it’s towards the back

Opposite: anterior/ventral

A

Posterior

62
Q

A directional term

Towards or nearer the midline of the body

Opposite: laterial

A

Medial

63
Q

A directional term

Means toward or nearer the side

Opposite: medial

A

Lateral

64
Q

A directional term

Means that a part is closer 2 a point of attachment or closer 2 the trunk of the body

Opposite: distal

A

Proximal

65
Q

A directional term

Means that a part is farther away from a point of attachment

Opposite: proximal

A

Distal

66
Q

A directional term

Means that a part is located on or near the surface

Opposite: deep

A

Superficial

67
Q

A directional term

Means that a part is away from the surface

Opposite: superficial

A

Deep

68
Q

A directional term

Means it pertains to the organs or the coverings of the organs

Opposite: parietal

A

Visceral

69
Q

A directional term

Means it refers 2 the wall of a body cavity

Opposite: visceral

A

Parietal

70
Q

2 names for 1 of 3 body planes

Refers 2 a lengthwise cut that divides the body in2 right and left portions

A

Sagittal plane

Longitudinal section

71
Q

2 names for 1 of 3 body planes

Refers 2 a cut across the body horizontally 2 divide it in2 superior and inferior sections

A

Transverse plane

Horizontal plane

72
Q

2 names for 1 of 3 body planes

Refers 2 a cut that divides the body in2 anterior and posterior sections

A

Frontal plane

Coronal plane

73
Q

Spaces w/in the body that contain internal organs or viscera

2 main ones are: dorsal and ventral

A

Body cavities

74
Q

1 of 2 main types of body cavities

Divided in2 the cranial cavity and the spinel cavity

A

Dorsal cavity

75
Q

1 of 2 main types of body cavities

Divided in2: thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

A

Ventral cavity

76
Q

Part of the dorsal cavity

Contains the brain

A

Cranial cavity

77
Q

Part of the dorsal cavity

Contains the spinel cord

A

Spinel cavity

78
Q

Part of the ventral cavity

Contains: heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea

A

Thoracic cavity

79
Q

Part of the ventral cavity

Divided in2: superior abdominal cavity and inferior pelvic cavity

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

80
Q

1 part of the abdominopelvic cavity

Contains: stomach, gallbladder, spleen, liver and most of the intestines

A

Abdominal cavity

81
Q

1 part of the abdominopelvic cavity

Contains: portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs

A

Pelvic cavity

Today's Medical Assistant (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions