CH # 32: Hematology

Question 1

A condition in which there is a decrease in the erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the blood

More than 400 different types of this disease

Answer 1

Anemia

Question 2

A substance that inhibits blood clotting

Answer 2

Anticoagulant

Question 3

The study of blood and blood-forming tissues

Answer 3

Hematology

Question 4

The protein- and iron-containing pigment of erythrocytes that transports oxygen 2 the tissues in the body.

Normal range:

• female; 12-16 g/dL
• male; 14-18 g/dL

Above normal can indicate: polycythemia, COPD, congestive heart
failure
Below normal can indicate: anemia(esp. iron deficiency),
hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis of the liver, severe hemorrhaging,
hemolytic reactions, certain systemic diseases(ex.leukemia,
Hodgkin disease)

Routine test 2 check 4 anemia 4 pregnant women and children less than 2 yrs old

Answer 4

Hemoglobin

Question 5

An abnormal increase in the number of WBC’s

Increase of more than 11,000 per cubic millimeter of blood

Answer 5

Leukocytosis

Question 6

An abnormal decrease in the number of WBC’s

Decrease fewer than 4,500 per cubic millimeter

Answer 6

Leukopenia

Question 7

A disorder in which there is an increase of RBC mass

Answer 7

Polycythemia

Question 8

A type of blood test that means “2 separate blood” The solid or cellular elements r separated from the plasma by centrifuging an anticoagulated blood specimen.

Purpose is 2 measure the % volume of packed RBC’s in whole blood and is usually included in a general physical examination

Normal range:

• female; 37 % - 47 %
• male; 40 % - 54 %

High count indicates: polycythemia
Low count indicates: anemia

Answer 8

Hematocrit

Hct

Question 9

The middle layer of a Hct test that is a small, thin, yellowish-grey color which contains the platelets and WBC’s

Answer 9

Buffy coat

Question 10

This test measures the approximate count of WBC’s in the circulating blood

Normal range: 4,500 - 11,000 WBC’s per cubic mm of blood
(4.5 - 11) x 10^3/mm^3

Above normal count indicates: leukocytosis (chicken pox,
appendicitus, mono…)
Below normal count indicates: leukopenia (viral infections,
chemotherapy, radiation therapy)

Answer 10

WBC count

Question 11

A test that measures the number of RBC’s in whole blood.

Normal range:

• female; 4 - 5.5 million RBC’s per cubic mm (10^6/mm^3)
• male; 4.5 - 6.2 million RBC’s per cubic mm (10^6/mm^3)

Above normal indicates: polycythemia, dehydration and pulmonary
fibrosis
Below normal indicates; anemia, Hodgkin disease and luekemia

Answer 11

RBC count

Question 12

A test that indicates measurements about the size and hemoglobin content of a person’s RBC’s

This test is usually included in a CBC test and indicates:

• MCH (mean corpuscle hemoglobin)
• MCHC (mean blood cell hemoglobin consentration
• RDW (red cell distribution width)

Decrease indicates: anemia

Answer 12

RBC Indices

Question 13

This test identifies and counts the 5 types of WBC’s:

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils
• lymphocytes (small and large types)
• monocytes

An increase or decrease in the count indicates pathologic conditions

Answer 13

WBC Differential Count

Question 14

This is the most frequent test performed in a hematology lab and is routinely done on new patients and those w/pathologic conditions

Test results indicates the amount of the following 7 tests:

• RBC
• WBC
• platelet count
• hemoglobin (Hgb)
• hematocrit (Hct)
• differential WBC count (Diff)
• RBC indicies

Answer 14

CBC

Complete Blood Count Test

Question 15

The amount of time it takes a person’s blood 2 clott

Normal time 4 an adult is 10 - 20 seconds

Answer 15

Prothrombin Time

Protime, PT

Question 16

A test that is a combination of PT test and a mathematical calculation performed on the test result 2 arrive at a standardized value

Normal adult range: 0.8 - 1.2
The higher the number: the longer it takes time 4 blood 2 clot

A level higher than 4.0 indicates the risk of spontaneous bleeding

Answer 16

PT/INR

Prothrombin Time/ International Normalized Ratio